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Human and Environment Interaction : Anthropogenic Activities and Their Impacts on the Environment
Causes of Anthropogenic Activities
        Human overpopulation / Population Overshool
        Overconsumption
        Technology
        Agriculture
        Introductions of species
        Energy harvesting and consumption
        Light Pollution
        Manufactured Products
        Mining
        Transport
        Environmental degradation
        Global warming
        Habitat degradation
        Land degradation
        Ozone depletion
        Ocean acidification

 Due   
         Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
        Mass extinction, defaunation and decline in biodiversity.
        
        
        
                                                                                                                                                                       

Human and Environment Interaction :                     Anthropogenic Activities and Their Impacts on      the Environment


The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The terms was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov, and it was first used in english by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities.


The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced from human activity but also applies broadly to all major human impacts on the envistonment.



Causes of Anthropogenic Activities                                                     

1. Human overpopulation.

2. Overconsumption

3. Technology

4. Agriculture

5. Light Pollution

6. Manufactured Products

7. Introductions of species

8. Energy harvesting and consumption

9. Mining

10. Transport

11. Environmental degradation

12. Human impact on the nitrogen cycle

13. Ozone depletion

14. Global warming

15. Mass extinction, defaunation and decline in biodiversity.

16. Habitat degradation

17. Land degradation

18. Ocean acidification



1. Human overpopulation / Population Overshool

Occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.

The term human overpopulation refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment.


2. Overconsumption

Overconsumption is a situation where repource use has out paced the sustainable capacity of the ecosystem.


3. Technology

The applications of technology often result in unaraidable and unexpected environmental impacts. Environmental impacts caused by the application of technology are often perceived as unavoidable for several reasons.


4. Agriculture

The environmental impact of agriculture varies based on the wide variety of agricultural. Practices employed around the world. Ultimately the environmental impact depends on the production practices of the system used by formers.


5. Introductions of species

Particularly plants into new areas, by whatever means and for whatever reasons have brought about major and permanent changes to the environment over large areas.


6. Energy harvesting and consumption

The environmental impact of energy harvesting and consumption is diverse. In recent years there has been a trend towards the incresed commercialization of various renewable energy sources. The real world, consumption of fossil fuel resources leads to global warming and climate change.


7. Light Pollution

Artificial light at night is one of the most obvious physical changes that humans have made to the biosphere and is the easiest from of pollution to observe from space.


8. Manufactured Products

Such as cleaning agents, leather, Paper, Paint, Plastics, Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products etc. Contribute to the environment import pollution.


9. Mining

The environment impact of mining includes erosion, formation of sinkholes, love of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, ground-water and surface water by chemicals from mining processes.


10. Transport

The environmental impact of transport is significant because it is, a major user of energy, and burns mout of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates. and is a significant contributors to global warming.


11. Environmental degradation

Mass extinction, defaunation and decline in biodiversity.

Biodiversity generally refers to the variety and variability of life on earth and is represented by the number of different species there are on the planet. Since its introduction.

Defaunation is the loss of animals from ecological communities.


12. Global warming

Global warming in the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production.


13. Habitat destruction

According to a 2018 study in Nature, 87 % of oceans and 77% of land (excluding Antarctica) have been altered by anthropogenic activity, and 23% of the planet's landmass remains as wilderness.


14. Land degradation

Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human induced processed acting upon the land.


15. Ocean acidification

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the PH of the earth to oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (co2) from the atmosphere.


16. Ozone deflection

Ozone deflection describes two related events observed since the late 1970s : a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in earth's atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around earth's poplar regions.


Layers of the atmosphere.

First layer - troposphere. (7-10 Km) (15 to 56°c)

- Stratosphere. - 50 km (56° to -2°c)

-mesosphere. - 85 km (20-92c).

-thermosphere.- 800 km (92°c to 1200c)

-exosphere

-Ionosphere









 









Notes : 













Question : 

1. The air pollutants are mainly classified as 
a. Point source and non-point source                     b. Primary and secondary pollutants 
c. Natural or anthropogenic pollutants                   d. None of the above
Ans: 

2. The main difference between primary air pollutants and secondary air pollutants is 
a. Former contains water molecules, while secondary pollutants do not. 
b. Primary air pollutants have more direct effect on human health. 
c. Former are released directly into the atmosphere, while the latter are formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. 
d. Primary air pollutants are formed through photochemical reactions in the sunlight, while the secondary air pollutants are not.
Ans: 

3. Which of the following can be considered as the best example of primary air pollutants? 
a. Carbon dioxide released from burning of coal. 
b. Sulphur trioxide. 
c. Ozone produced in photochemical smog. 
d. Carbon dioxide released through photosynthesis.
Ans: 

4. Which of the following best illustrates a secondary air pollutant? 
a. CO, released from the burning of coal.                      b. NO, released from the burning of oil. 
c. Ozone produced in photochemical smog.                   d. None of the above
Ans: 

5. The common features between NO2, SO, CO and SPM is that all of them 
a. Are classified as primary pollutants.                         b. Are classified as secondary pollutants. 
c. Have equal role in causing acid rain.                         d. Are greenhouse gases.
Ans: 

6. How are nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and carbon oxides related? 
a. All of them are secondary air pollutants that contribute to global warming. 
b. All of them are primary air pollutants that contribute to acid deposition. 
c. All are air pollutants formed by combustion of fossilfuels. 
d. All of them are air pollutants that result in respiratory diseases in humans.
Ans: 

7. Atmospheric pollutants are mainly present in 
a. Ionosphere                          b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere                        d. Troposphere and lower stratosphere
Ans: 

8. Lead is used as an anti-knocking agent (tetra-ethyl lead) in petrol. It affects our 
a. Central nervous system                        b. Respiratory system. 
c. Cardiac system                                     d. Skeletal system
Ans: 

9. Match the following: 
   List-I.                                 List-II 
  (Metal).                            (Effects) 
A Chromium.                I Thalassaemia 
B. Arsenic.                   II. Itai Itai 
C Cadmium.               III. Dermatitis 
D. Iron                       IV. Carcinogen 
Codes: 
a. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I 
c. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV 
b. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I 
d. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
Ans: 

10. The chemical responsible for blue baby syndrome that is caused by restricted supply of oxygen to the brain is 
a. Nitrates                     c. Fluorides 
b. Sulphates                  d. Oxides
Ans: 

11. Which of the following metal is responsible for Minamata disease? 
a. Mercury                    c. Chromium 
b. Cadmium                  d. Iron
Ans: 

12. Intake of lead may primarily cause damage of the 
a. Brain                      b. Lung 
c. Liver                      d. Kidney
Ans: 

13. Which of the following geographic area is the largest source of CO, emissions from burning of fossil fuel? 
a. China                   c. North America 
b. Russia                  d. European Union
Ans: 

14. Industries generating hazardous waste are classified as 
a. Brown                   c. Yellow 
b. Green                    d. Red
Ans: 

15. Which of the following greenhouse gases are entirely anthropogenic in origin? 
a. Water vapour                 c. CFCs 
b. Carbon dioxide              d. Methane
Ans: 

16. Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) is a by-product of 
a. Photochemical smog                b. London smog 
c. Sulphurous smog                     d. None of the above
Ans: 

17. The balance in oxygen level is maintained by 
a. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration            b. Industrial emissions of gases 
c. Release of ozone in upper atmosphere             d. None of the above
Ans: 

18. The problems caused by air pollutants basically affect 
a. Circulatory and nervous system                 b. Circulatory and respiratory system 
c. Muscular system                                         d. None of the above
Ans: 

19. Arrange List-II in proper sequence so as to match it with List-I and choose the correct answer from the code given below.[December 2004] 
       List-I.                                              List-II 
    (Activity).                                (Noise level (dB)) 
A Hearing.                                            I. 30 
B Whispering.                                      II. 1 
C Interference with sleep.                   III. 60 
D. Normal Talk.                                  IV. 30-50 
Codes: 
a. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV 
b. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III 
c. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I 
d. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Ans: 

20. Global warming during winter becomes more pronounced at the [December 2004] 
a. Equator                         b. Poles 
c. Tropic of Cancer           d. Tropic of Capricorn
Ans: 

21. Malaria is caused by [December 2005] 
a. Bacterial infection                    b. Viral infection 
c. Parasitic infection                     d. Fungal infection
Ans: 

22. The main pollutant of the Indian coastal water is [December 2005] 
a. Oil spills                            b. Municipal sewage 
c. Industrial effluents            d. Aerosols
Ans: 

23. Tamil Nadu coastal belt has drinking water problem due to [June 2006] 
a. High evaporation.                                                              b. Sea water flooding due to tsunami. 
c. Over-exploitation of ground water by tube wells.             d. Seepage of sea water.
Ans: 

24. Arrange List-II in proper sequence so as to match it with List-I and choose the correct answer from the code given below. [December 2006] 
    List-I.                                          List-II 
(Water quality).                           (pH Value) 
A. Neutral.                                       I. 5 
B. Moderately acidic.                    II. 7 
C. Alkaline.                                     III. 4 
D. Injurious.                                    IV. 8 
Codes: 
a. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV 
b. A-I, B-III, C-I, D-IV 
c. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III 
d. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Ans: 

25. The maximum emission of pollutants from fuel source in India is caused by [December 2006] 
a. Coal                              b. Firewood 
c. Refuse burning              d. Vegetable waste product
Ans: 

26. Which of the following is not a primary air pollutant? [June 2006] 
a. Methane                     b. Sulphur dioxide 
c. Ozone                        d. Asbestos
Ans: 

27. Assertion (A): Aerosols have potential for modifying climate. 
Reason (R): Aerosols interact with both the short waves and radiations. [June 2006] 
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
c. A is true but R is false. 
d. A is false but R is true.
Ans: 

28. With the absorption and decomposition of CO, in ocean water beyond desired level, there will be [December 2006] 
a. Decrease in temperature.                    b. Increase in salinity. 
c. Growth of phytoplanktons.                 d. Rise in sea level.
Ans: 

29. The inability to hear important environmental cues and animal signals is termed as 
a. Masking                    c. Frisking 
b. Tasking                     d. None of the above
Ans: 

30. Which of the following about peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN) is true? 
a. They are secondary pollutants. 
b. Produced when hydrocarbon radical reacts with nitrogen oxide. 
c. Cause respiratory diseases in human beings. 
d. All the above
Ans: 

31. Which of the following is an indicator of water quality and presence of organic matter in water? 
a. BOD                               b. COD 
c. Both (a) and (b)             d. None of the above
Ans: 

32. Match List-I with List-II. 
     List-I.                               List-II 
   (Disease).                         (Cause) 
A. Osteoporosis.             I. Fluorine 
B. Leukaemia.                II. Sr-90 
C. Lung cancer.             III. Benzopyrene 
Codes: 
a. A-I, B-III, C-II
b. A-III, B-I, C-II 
c. A-I, B-II, C-III 
d. A-III, B-II, C-I
Ans: 

33. The plume rise in a coal-based power plant depends on [June 2007] 
I. Buoyancy 
II. Atmospheric stability 
III. Momentum of exhaust gases 
Codes: 
a. (I) and (II) only             b. (II) and (III) only 
c. (I) and (III) only            d. (I), (II) and (III)
Ans: 

34. Which of the following units is used to measure the intensity of noise? [June 2008] 
a. Decibel             c. Phon 
b. Hz                     d. Watts/m²
Ans: 

35. Human ear is most sensitive to noise in which of the following frequency range? [June 2008] 
a. 1-2 kHz                        c. 10-12 kHz 
b. 100-500 Hz                  d. 13-16 kHz
Ans: 

36. Which of the following pairs regarding typical composition of hospitals wastes is incorrect? [December 2008] 
a. Plastics: 9-12%                b. Metals: 1-2% 
c. Ceramic: 8-10%               d. Biodegradable: 35-40%
Ans: 

37. Maximum soot is released from [December 2009] 
a. Petrol vehicles                  b. CNG vehicles 
c. Diesel vehicles                 d. Thermal power plants
Ans: 

38. Surface ozone is produced from [December 2009] 
a. Transport sector             b. Cement plants 
c. Textile industry               d. Chemical industry
Ans: 

39. In the metro city of Kolkata, the major cause of air pollution is 
a. Hydrocarbons                 c. Water vapours 
b. Carbon monoxide           d. None of the above
Ans: 

40. Which of the following is the main discharge from coalbased power plants (thermal plants)? 
a. SPM                 c. Smog 
b. Fly ash             d. None of the above
Ans: 

41. Which of the following methods can be used to increase the supply of usable, good quality water? 
a. Chlorination               b. Metallurgy 
c. Cloud seeding            d. None of these
Ans: 

42. Ozone depletion is caused due to increase in the level of 
a. Water vapour                   b. Chlorofluorocarbon 
c. Oxygen                            d. Carbon monoxide
Ans: 

43. What type of chemical weathering is enhanced by acid rain? 
a. Dissolution                   b. Hydrolysis 
c. Oxidation                      d. None of the above
Ans: 

44. What process causes the disintegration of rock at or near the earth's surface? 
a. Physical weathering               c. Chemical weathering 
b. Erosion                                   d. None of the above
Ans: 

45. Which of the following gas affects human health by reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen to different parts of the body? 
a. Carbon monoxide                    b. Sulphur dioxide 
c. Carbon dioxide                        d. Nitrous dioxide
Ans: 

46. Nitrogen oxide affects human health by 
a. Causing irritation to the eyes and skin.                           b. Aggravating asthma problem. 
c. Decreasing blood's ability to transport oxygen.               d. None of the above
Ans: 

47. Ozone is considered as a secondary air pollutant because it 
a. Is in the upper layers of the atmosphere.            b. Is formed by chemical reactions in atmosphere. 
c. Is produced in industry.                                      d. Secondary role in causing pollution.
Ans: 

48. Automobiles and trucks are not an important source of which of the following air pollutants? 
a. Carbon dioxide                 c. Nitrogen oxides 
b. Hydrocarbons                   d. Sulphur oxides
Ans: 

49. Sulphur dioxide is mainly released from 
a. Cars and trucks                       b. Photochemical reactions 
c. Factories                                  d. None of the above
Ans: 

50. High concentration of oxides of nitrogen can cause 
a. Headache                         b. Dizziness and loss of consciousness 
c. Respiratory irritation       d. All of the above
Ans: 

51. Excessive exposure to pesticides is mainly responsible for damage to 
a. Endocrine and immune system          b. Respiratory system 
c. Muscular system                                 d. Nervous system
Ans: 

52. Excessive exposure to pesticides mainly causes 
a. Malaria                                                     b. Diphtheria 
c. Cancer and neurological problems           d. None of the above
Ans: 

53. The main chemical responsible for ozone depletion is 
a. PAN                                      c. CO 
b. Sulphur dioxide                    d. CFCs
Ans: 

54. The process of dumping solid waste in a scientifically designated land area is called 
a. Dumping                          c. Sanitary landfill 
b. Waste disposal                  d. None of the above
Ans: 

55. The constituent of smog that causes irritation to the eyes is 
a. NO                            c. CO 
b. PAN                          d. None of these
Ans: 

56. The pesticide directly affecting the nervous system is 
a. DDT                                     b. Aldrin 
c. Organic phosphates             d. None of the above
Ans: 

57. Which of the following pollutants mainly released by burning of diesel fuel is responsible for photochemical smog? 
a. Oxides of sulphur                 c. Oxides of carbon 
b. Oxides of nitrogen                d. None of the above
Ans: 

58. Which of the following fuels are mainly responsible for release of lead into the environment? 
a. Diesel                     c. Coal 
b. Petrol                     d. All of the above
Ans: 

59. All hydrocarbons (except CH) contribute to the production of 
a. Acid deposition                                   c. Photochemical smog 
b. Greenhouse effect                               d. None of the above
Ans: 

60. Carbon dioxide and methane are similar in terms of 
a. Both being secondary air pollutants.           b. Being responsible for respiratory diseases. 
c. Contribution to global warming.                 d. None of the above
Ans: 

61. What is the main source of pollutants of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and carbon oxides? 
a. Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. 
b. Burning fossil fuels at high temperatures. 
c. Industrial processes 
d. All the above
Ans: 

62. Why is photochemical smog typically worse in the summer? 
a. There is more solar energy to drive photochemical reactions. 
b. People tend to travel more in summers. 
c. Warm temperatures prevent the dissipation of pollutants. 
d. None of the above
Ans: 

63. How does photochemical smog form? 
a. The release of primary air pollutants. 
b. Interaction occurs between chemicals such as CFCs and ozone. 
c. Reactions occur between secondary air pollutants and sunlight. 
d. The release of formaldehyde and radon inside buildings.
Ans: 

64. Which of the following can help in reducing air pollution? 
a. Small-sized cars                       b. Removal of sulphur from coal 
c. Lower ignition fuels                 d. None of the above
Ans: 

65. Air pollution is an increasing problem in developing countries due to 
a. Burning of more coal to produce electricity.                             b. Changing lifestyles. 
c. Unavailability of environment-friendly technologies.               d. All the above
Ans: 

66. Quality of resource not degraded due to pollution is 
a. Sun                     c. Water 
b. Sand                   d. Air
Ans: 

67. The main source of water pollution is 
a. Sewage water                       c. Industrial pollutants 
b. Acid rain                              d. None of the above
Ans: 

68. Which of the following ultimately causes oxygen depletion in water bodies? 
a. Fish                               c. Microorganisms 
b. Human beings              d. None of the above
Ans: 

69. Which of the following is a water-borne disease? 
a. Blue baby syndrome                         b. Meningitis 
d. Cholera                                             c. Diarrhoea
Ans: 

70. Which of the following statements is true with regard to noise and noise pollution? 
a. Decibel is the linear scale of noise measurement. 
b. A jet plane is one of the highest decibel sources of noise. 
c. A change from 40 dB to 80 dB is exactly double in loudness. 
d. Noise cannot be shielded.
Ans: 

71. Which of the following is the unit of measurement noise pollution? 
a. Pascal                b. Decibels 
c. Hertz                 d. All of these
Ans: 

72. Zero decibel is the 
a. Threshold point for hearing.                         b. Threshold point for physical pain. 
c. Where no sound waves can travel.               d. None of the above
Ans: 

73. With which of following kinds of pollution, the term 'green muffler' is associated? 
a. Water pollution                     b. Air pollution 
c. Nuclear pollution                  d. Noise pollution
Ans: 

74. A natural phenomenon that becomes harmful due to pollution is 
a. Global warming                     b. Ecological balance 
c. Greenhouse effect                  d. Desertification
Ans: 

75. The pollutant responsible for ozone holes is 
a. SO₂                      c. CFC 
b. CO                      d. CO₂
Ans: 

76. The best solution to get rid of non-biodegradable wastes is 
a. Burning                    c. Burying 
b. Dumping                  d. Recycling
Ans: 

77. Animal dung is 
a. Biodegradable            b. Non-biodegradable 
c. Hazardous                  d. Toxic
Ans: 

78. Which of the following is non-biodegradable? 
a. Animal bones                     c. Wool 
b. Nylon                                d. Banyan tree leaves
Ans: 

79. Which of the following non-biodegradable waste has the potential of polluting earth to dangerous levels of toxicity, if not handled properly? 
a. DDT                                      b. CFC 
c. Radioactive substances         d. PAN
Ans: 

80. Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution? 
a. Oil spill                           b. Sewage treatment plant 
c. Open cast mine               d. Deep bore well
Ans: 

81. BOD stands for 
a. Biological oxygen demand            b. Basic oxygen dissolved 
c. Biological organic demand            d. Biological oxygen decomposition
Ans: 

82. Which of the following statement is not a method of purifying water? 
a. Reverse osmosis              b. UV radiation 
c. Distillation                       d. Evaporation from a water body
Ans: 

83. Which of the following statements is not true with regard to normal plastic waste? 
a. It lasts long.                                b. It clogs the sewage system. 
c. It is biodegradable.                     d. Burning results in toxic fumes.
Ans: 

84. Acid rain is formed by the 
a. Combination of chemical air pollutants with atmospheric water droplets. 
b. Mixing of acid with rain. 
c. Release of industrial pollutants in the atmosphere. 
d. None of the above
Ans: 

85. Which of the following is not an impact of acid rain? 
a. Death of trees                                    b. Loss of productivity of plants 
c. Soil alkalinity                                   d. Death of fish in lakes and ponds
Ans: 

86. In a lake polluted with pesticides, which one of the following will contain the maximum amount of pesticides as a result of biomagnification? 
a. Small fish                             c. Big fish 
b. Microscopic animals            d. Water birds
Ans: 

87. Which of the following is the most dangerous and long-lasting? 
a. Nuclear waste                     c. Mining waste 
b. Volcano ash                        d. Biomedical waste
Ans: 

88. Name the substance whose accumulation in pelicans of Lake Michigan led to the formation of thin shells of their eggs. 
a. CFC              c. DDT 
b. PAN              d. PAC
Ans: 

89. Name the process in which a harmful chemical enters the food chain and gets concentrated at each level in the food chain. 
a. Concentration                       c. Expansion 
b. Biomagnification                  d. Pollution
Ans: 

90. Combustion of most fuels releases 
a. CO,                        b. SO₂ 
c. NO₂                        d. O₂
Ans: 

91. The use of which of the following fuel can help in the reduction of air pollution? 
a. Petrol                         c. CNG 
b. Diesel                         d. None of the above
Ans: 

92. Which of the following organisms is the main indicator for sulphur dioxide pollution? 
a. Blue green algae                                b. Lichens 
c. E. coli                                                d. None of the above
Ans: 

93. Petrol engines release gaseous oxides of 
a. Sulphur                                 c. Phosphorous 
b. Nitrogen                               d. Carbon
Ans: 

94. They are covered under Stockholm Convention, the toxic is also known as Agent Orange. It was sprayed by the US forces during Vietnam War to destroy the forest cover. Which of the following chemicals is being referred to in the above statement? 
a. Dioxin                        b. Asbestos 
c. Benzene                     d. All the above
Ans: 

95. The best extinguisher for inflammable materials is 
a. Water                            c. CO₂ 
b. SO₂ 2                            d. CO
Ans: 

96. CO, is stored as a liquid in cylinder at 
a. High pressure                                 b. Low pressure 
c. High temperature                            d. Low temperature
Ans: 

97. The best way to dispose plant waste is 
a. Burning                                           b. Composting 
c. Dumping in a hilly area                  d. Incineration
Ans: 

98. Which of the following is not one of the major environment problems resulting from human interference in the nitrogen cycle? 
a. Global warming due to release of nitrous oxide           b. Acid rain 
c. Eutrophication                                                              d. Ozone depletion
Ans: 

99. Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas? 
a. Carbon dioxide                   c. Methane 
b. Water vapour                      d. Calcium carbonate
Ans: 

100. Montreal Protocol signed in 1987 was signed to 
a. Phase out the use of CFC's which cause depletion of the ozone layer. 
b. Reduces the greenhouse effect. 
c. Protect endangered species. 
d. Ban nuclear testing in tropical oceans.
Ans: 

101. Which of the following is not one of the prime health risks associated with greater UV radiation through the atmosphere due to depletion of stratospheric ozone? 
a. Increased skin cancer                   b. Reduced immune system 
c. Increased liver cancer                  d. Damage to eyes
Ans: 

102. Unburnt carbon particles causes 
a. Cardiac problem                  b. Respiratory problems 
c. Throat problems                   d. Skin infection
Ans: 

103. Which of the following statements are correct in the context of carbon monoxide emissions? 
1. It is mainly due to incomplete combustion of fuel. 
2. They are more evident in petrol engine. 
3. Long-term exposure can cause nausea. 
Codes 
a. 1 and 2 only                       c. 2 and 3 only 
b. 1, 2, and 3                         d. 1 and 3 only
Ans: 

104. According to WHO, the maximum permissible level of chlorides in drinking water is 
a. 100 mg/1                       c. 600 mg/1 
b. 200 mg/1                       d. 800 mg/l
Ans: 

105. Which of the following body parts is most likely to be affected by nuclear radiation during the early stages of exposure?
a. Skin                     c. Bone marrow 
b. Bones                  d. None of the above
Ans: 

106. Which of the following terms is used to describe phenomenon of removing carbon dioxide from nature by carbon sinks (natural or artificial)? 
a. Decomposition                        b. Biosequestration 
c. Emission trading                     d. None of the above
Ans: 

107. Which of the following terms is used to reflect the potential of a greenhouse gas to cause global warming? 
a. Warming potent                            b. Warming potential 
c. Global warming potential             d. None of the above
Ans: 

108. The living organism that serves as an indicator of air pollution is 
a. Viruses                    c. Bacteria 
b. Fungi                      d. E. coli
Ans: 

109. The gas that is mainly responsible for global warming because of its quantity in the atmosphere is a. CFC                          c. CH4 
b. CO₂                          d. N,
Ans: 

110. Which of the following statements are true in the context of particulate matter? 
1. It is basically a mist, more prevalent during winter weather. 
2. It is more prevalent in diesel engine vehicles. 
3. Long-term exposure can harm respiratory track and lung functions. 
Codes: 
a. 1 and 2                  b. 1, 2 and 3 
c. 2 and 3                  d. 1 and 3
Ans: 

111. Match List-I with List-II. 
List-I.                                                                                                                 List-II (Act).
(Prevention and Control of Pollution).                                                                (Year) 
A. Water                                                                                                                I 1974 
B. Air (Prosecution and Control of Pollution).                                                    II 1981 
C. Wildlife Protection Act.                                                                                  III 1972 
D. Environment Protection Act.                                                                          IV 1986 
Codes: 
a. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV 
b. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV 
c. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I 
d. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Ans: 

112. Which of the following elements is deposited into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem when used in intensive agriculture practices? 
a. Nitrogen                       c. Sulphur 
b. Phosphorus                  d. None of these
Ans: 

113. Discharge of industrial wastewater causes all ex 
a. Depletion of dissolved oxygen.               b. Destruction of aquatic life. 
c. Change in climate.                                  d. Impairment of biological activity.
Ans: 

114. The rules pertaining to biomedical waste (India) are notified under 
a. Environmental (protection) Act, 1980 
b. Environmental (protection) Act, 1983 
c. Environmental (protection) Act, 1986 
d. Environmental (protection) Act, 1988
Ans: 

115. Which of the following is not recommended for agement of plastic waste? 
a. Incineration                          b. Deep burial 
c. Autoclave/hydroclave          d. All the above
Ans: 

116. Fertilizers can be washed into rivers by rain leading 
a. Bioaccumulation                  b. Eutrophication 
c. Biodegradation                    d. Spontaneous combustion
Ans: 

117. Which of the following is not an air pollutant? 
a. Oxides of carbon               b. Oxides of sulphur 
c. Oxides of nitrogen             d. Oxides of hydrogen
Ans: 

118. The gradual build-up of concentration of chemi as they transfer through higher levels of food chain called 
a. Biomagnification              b. Biodegradation 
c. Bioconcentration              d. None of the above
Ans: 

119. Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect environment and human health from 
a. Greenhouse gases                                b. Persistent organic pollutants 
c. Hospital acquired Infections               d. None of the above
Ans: 

120. The presence of high algal content in water indicate that the water is 
a. Neutral                  c. Acidic 
b. Alkaline                d. None of the above
Ans: 

121. When fluoride concentration in water exceeds 1.5 mg/ or so, the disease that may be caused is 
a. Fluorosis                  c. Dental decay 
b. Poliomyelitis             d. None of the above
Ans: 

122. The safe permissible limit of sulphate in domestic water supplies is 
a. 100 mg/1              b. 200 mg/1 
c. 400 mg/1              d. 300 mg/1
Ans: 

123. Silicosis is caused in the 
a. Textile industry              c. Stone crushers 
b. Sugar industry               d. All the above
Ans: 

124.