Environmental Issues : Local, Regional and                                        global                                          

an environmental problem occurs when there comes a change in quality or the quantity of the environmental factors that directly or indirectly affects everything on earth.

Local Environmental issues                                                                 

1. Fresh water scarcity.

2. Desertification.

3. Increase in Population

4. Carbon cycle.

5. Pollution - Soil, Air, Noise, water.

4. Endangered Species.

Regional and Global issues                                                                  

1. Fresh water scarcity.

2. Global warming.

3. Agriculture

4. Polar melting.

5. Ocean Acidification.

Air Pollution

The WHO said about 3.3 million people had died as a result of indoor air pollution and 2.6 million deaths were related to outdoor air pollution.

Level of Air

cloud  Troposphere - 0 - 12 Km / 0 to 7 miles

ozone  Stratosphere - 12-50 km / 7.5 to 31 miles

Mesosphere - 50-80 km / 31 to 50 miles

Thermosphere - 80-700 km /50-440 miles

Exosphere - 700-10,000, Km / 440 - 620 miles

Air pollutant type 

                i. Primary Air Pollutant - No Generate

               ii. Secondary Air Pollutant - Generate

i. Primary Air Pollutant

Material that when released pose health risks in their unmodified forms or those emitted directly from identifiable sources. There are co, co2, S02 NO, No2, black carbon aerosols, most hydrocarbons and most suspended particles.

ii. Secondary Air Pollutant

Primary Pollutants interact with one another, sunlight or natural gases to produce new, harmful compounds. There are- So3, HN03, H2S04, H202, O3, most nitrates (PAN) and sulphates.

Air Act 1981

 Water Pollution

Water Pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.

Water pollution control low come into force in India 1974.

 Soil Pollution

1. Hazardous waste and Sewage spills.

2. Non-Sustainable farming practices, such as the heavy use.

3. of inorganic pesticides.

4. Strip mining, deforestation and other destructive practices.

5. House hold dumping and littering.

6. Soil contamination can lead to poor growth and reduced.

7. Crop yields, loss of wildlife habitat, water, and visual.

8. Pollution, soil erosion and desertification.

9. Acid rain

10. Ozone depletion.

11. Water-borne diseases.

 Noise Pollution / Sound Pollution

Noise pollution also know as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas include loud music, transportation noise, lawn care maintenance, near by construction etc.

Noise Pollution is caused by sound 80-90 dB.

 Soild Waste

Solid waste are any discarded or abandoned materials. Solid wastes can be solid, liquid, semi-solid or containerized gaseous material.

Waste tires

Septage

Scrap metal

latex paints

Furniture and toys, garbage

appliances and vehicles

oil and anti freeze

empty aerosol cans, paint cans and Compressed gas cylinders.

Construction and demolition debris, asbestos.

Liquid Waste

Liquid waste can be defined as such liquids as wastewater, fats, oils or grease (FOG), used oil, liquids, soids, gases, or sludges and hazardous household liquids. These liquids that are hazardous or potentially harmfull to human health or the environment.

 Biomedical Waste

Biomedical waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials. It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (eg. Packaging, unused bandages, infusion kits etc.) as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release

 Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits-

-Ignitability.

-Reachincity.

-Corrosivity

-Toxicity

Electronic waste

Electronic waste or e-waste, is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non- working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. used electronic which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling or disposal are also considered e-waste.

 Climate change and its socio-economic and political dimension      

Climate change occurs when change in earth's climate system result in new weather patterns that last for at least a few decodes, and may be for millions of years. The climate system is comprised of five interacting parts, the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), cryosphere (ice and permafrost), biosphere (living things) and lithosphere (earth's crust and upper mantle)

 The Political dimension of climate change                                        

Climate change creates injustices in who caused the problem, who is suffering warst and first and who is taking action. Power between nations and social groups drives unequal disaster risks and the "compounded Vulnerabilities" of poor people and nation. and has led to gridlock in united Nations negotiations. The course reviews social and political dimensions of local and national adaptation efforts, media dynamics, collective and individual denial and the rise of climate social movements.

The human emissions of billions of tons of gases known to trap heat in the atmosphere is a massive experiment on the systems that support our species. Humen civilization has developed in a remarkably stable period, of global temperature and precipitation, but the climate impacts are rising and projected to get much worse in the decades ahead.

 The Social Dimensions of climate change                                         

Climate change is a long-term perspective you know, We have tremendous urgency. We live in this tremendous shower of sad, bad news. It's a tidal ware. And where do we get the long term sensibility of sustaining ourselves, sustaining our vision and our hope? this is tong term sustained change, It's civilizational change. It's culture change, And that is very different from political change or economic change, social change.

That is revolutionary. Some people have called it- it's a new reformation even, you see. But ecological conversion is mind and heart. It's consciousness and conscience. And that change everything.

So as we pick this up, no matter what our discipline is, what our work its – law, government, academic, economics - we can all work towards a common goal of ecological conversion. This is an internerational effort.

 The economic dimensions of climate change                                     

What do scientific findings mean in human terms? An answer is given by economics, which can attach cost estimate to the current impacts and projections of future impacts of climate change.

A lot turns on seemingly technical factors such as the rate of discount used to calculate a present value for future costs. Depending on the discount rate chosen, we can end up with massive differences in the size of the present value of future costs, and so radically different implications for climate policy.

 Impacts of Pollutant on human health                                               

Air Pollution Effects

1. Breathing polluted air puts us at a higher risk for asthma and other respiratory diseases.

2. When exposed to ground ozone for 6 to 7 hours, scientific evidence show that healthy people's lung function decreased and they suffered from respiratory inflammation.

3. Air pollutants are mostly carcinogens and living in a polluted area can put people at risk of cancers

4. Coughing and wheezing are common symptoms observed on city folks.

5. Damages the immune system, endocrine and reproductive systems.

6. High levels of particle pollution have been associated with higher incidents of heart problems.

7. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing the earth to become warmer.

8. The toxic chemicals released into the air settle into plants and water sources. Animals eat the contaminated plants and drink the water. The poison then travels up the food chain to us.

 Water Pollution effects

1. Diseases such as amoebiasis, typhoid, and hook warm and caused by polluted drinking water.

2. Water pollution by chemicals such as heary metals, lead, pesticides and hydrocarbon can cause hormonal and reproductive problems, damage to the nervous system, liver and kidney damage and cancer-to name a few. Being exposed to mercury causes parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's heart disease and death.

3. A Polluted beach causes rashes, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, encephalitis, stomach acher and vomiting.

4. Water pollution affects marine life which is one of our food sources.

 Lond Pollution effects / Soil Pollution effects

1. Land pollution effects are particularly hazardous and can lead to the loss of ecosystems. Directly or indirectly land pollution affects climate patterns.

3. Toxic chemicals and pesticides lead to potentially fatal illnesses like skin cancer and human respiratory system. These chemicals reach us through foods and vegetables grown in polluted soil.

3. With the loss of habitat and natural environment, the animal kingdon face a serious threal.

4. Deforestation is compromising tree cover, leading to a highly imbalanced rain cycle. A disturbed rain cycle affects a lot of factors such as our green cover; trees and plants help balance the atmosphere, without them we are subjected to various concerns like global warming, the green house effect, irregular rainfall and flash floods, among other imbalances.

 Noise Pollution Effects

1. Noise leads to emotional and behavioral stress. A person may feel disturbed in the presence of loud noise.

2. Noise may permanently damage hearing. A sudden loud noise can cause severe damage to the eardrum.

3. Noise increases the chances of accurrence of diseases such as headache, blood pressure, heart failure, etc.

4. Noise leads to increased heart beat, constriction of blood vessels and dilation of pupil.

5. Noise is a problem especially for patients who need rest.

6. Noise may cause damage to liver, brain and heart.

 Radio active pollution effects

1. The impact of radioactive pollution on human beings can vary from mild to fatal; the magnitude of the adverse effects largely depends on the level and duration of exposure to radioactivity. Low levels of localized exposure may only have a superficial effects of long, but low intensity exposures include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of hair, bruises due to subcutaneous bleeding etc.

2. Long-term exposure or exposure to high amounts of radiation can have for more serious health effects. Radioactive rays can cause irreparable damage to DNA molecules and can lead to a life-threatening condition. Prolonged exposure leads to a large number of molecules in the body being ionized into free radicals-free radicals promote the growth of cancerous cells, i.e. tumors, in the body. People with heavy radiation exposure are at a very high risk for cancers.

3. The rapidly growing / dividing cells like those of the skin, bone marrow interstines, and gonads are more sensitive towards radioactive emissions. On the other hand, cells that do not under go rapid cell division, such as bone cells and nervous cells, are not damaged so easily.

4. Skin cancer lung cancer and thyroid cancer are some of the common types of cancers caused by radiation.

The effects of genetic mutation are passed on to the future generations as well. In other words, if the parents are exposed to nuclear radiation, their child cloud have severe congenital birth defects, both physical and mental. This is tragically illustrated in the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where the aftereffects of nuclear radiation were carried on for generations and thousands of children were born with physical abnormalities and mental retardation. The radiation also brought about a spike in cancer, the region still (after more than 65 years) has a much higher rate of cancer and congenital abnormalities than the rest of Japan.

Notes : 

Question : 

Coming Soon