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Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC-21, METS, MODES, EAD
What is Metadata
Matadata standards
Dublin Core Metadata 1995
           fifteen element of Dubline Core
          Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission standard) 2001
       Characteristics of METS
       Sections Elements of METS
EAD (Encoded Archival Description) 1993
       Overview
        History  Present
        DACS
        EAD3 changes
        EAD3 changes
        EAD (Book)
                                                                                                                                                                       

 Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC-21,      METS, MODES, EAD                                             

 

  What is Metadata                                                                                

 Metadata is data that provides information about other data. 

 Metadata is 'data about the data' or documentation about the information which is required by the users. 

 Metadata summarizes basic information about data, making finding and working 

 Examples, Library catalog, Phone Book. 

 Metadata is a natural way to look things up. 

 One goal : make web searches more like library searches. 

 In the case of RDF. It is data describing web |resources. 


 Matadata standards                                                                             

A metadata standard is a requirement which is intended to establish a common understanding of the meaning or semantics of the data, to ensure correct and proper use and interpretation of the data by its owners and users. To achieve this common understanding, a number of characteristics or attributes of the data have to be defined, also known as metadata. 

 A metadata standard is a high level document which establishers a common way of structuring and understanding data, and includes principles and implementation issues for utilizing the standard.


 Dublin Core Metadata 1995                                                                

 Dublin Core Metadata Element : Dublin Core is a Metadata Element. The name" Dublin" is due to its origin at a 1995 invitational workshop in Dublin, ohio. "core" because its elements are broad and generic, usable for describing a wide range of resources. The Dublin Core Metadata element set is a vocabulary of fifteen properties for use in resource description. 

 The fifteen element "Dublin Come"  described in this standard is part of a larger set of metadata vocabularies and technical specifications maintained by the Dubline Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI). 

 The fifteen element of Dubline Core have been formally endorsed in the following standards :  

 • ISO Standard 15836-2009 

 • ANSI/NISO standard Z3985-2012 

 • IETF RFC 5013 

 The Dublin Core Metadata Element Consists of 15 metadata elements: 

 i. Title 

 ii.  Creator 

 iii. Subject 

 iv. Description. 

 v. Publisher. 

 vi. Contributor. 

 vii. Date 

 viii. Type 

 ix. Format 

 x. Identifier 

 xi. Source 

 xii. Language 

 xiii. Relation 

xiv. Coverage  

xv. Rights 


  Dublin Core Metadata Initiative  

The Dublin Core Metadata initiative (DCMI) provides an open forum for the development of interoperable online metadata standards for a broad range of purposes and of business models. DCMI's activities include consensus-driven working groups, global conferences and workshops, standards liaison and educational efforts to promote widespread acceptance of metadata standards and practices. In  2008, DCMI separated from OCLC and incorporated  as an independent entity. 


 


 METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission standard) 2001        

The Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) is a data Encoding and Transmission Specification, expressed in XML (Extensible Markup language) that provides the means to convey Metadata necessary for both the management of digital objects within a repository and the exchange of such objects between repositories. This common object format was designed to allow  the sharing of efforts to develop information management tools/services and to facilitate the interoperable exchange of digital materials among institutions. 

 The METS XML schema was created in 2001 under the sponsorship of the Digital Library Federation (DLF) is supported by the Library of Congress as its maintenace agency and is governed by the METS editorial Boord. 


  Characteristics of METS   

 • An open standard. 

 • Non-Proprietory. 

 • Developed by the library community. 

 • Relatively Simple. 

 • Extensible 

 • Modulor 


  Sections Elements of METS   

• METS header (metshdr) 

 • Descriptive Metadata (dmd Sec) 

 • Administrative Metadata (amd sec) 

 • File Section (file sec). 

 • Structural Map (struct Map) 

 • Structural links (Sm link) 

 • Behavior section (behavion)


  EAD (Encoded Archival Description) 1993                                      

  Overview  

 • EAD its a standard used in archival and manuscript libraries to encode finding aids so they may be found on the web. 

 • It is compatible with SGML-Standard Generalized Markup Language - and XML. 

 • EAD is defined as DTD (document type. definition) 


  History  Present   

 • Created in 1993 at SAA meeting in New Orleans. 

 • EAD has gone through many changes since it was first created 

 • with the rise of linked open data, the original EAD was deemed not specific enough to be of use so it was updated to EAD3. 

 • EAD Tag Library Containto 165 Elements, that can be used for description much like qualifiers in Dublin Core. 

 • EAD and DACS are both used by archives. 

 • EAD is a structure standard. 

 • DACS is a content standard. 

 • Think of EAD as a bottle, and DAES as the liquid inside XML is the crate that carries the bottle.


 DACS 

 DACS defines twenty - Five elements that are useful in creating systems for describing archival materials. These systems can be of any type, ranging from simple paper-based files to complex digital information management systems. The output products of these system archival descriptions of all kinds and formats, printed on paper or encoded in EAD or MARC-21 - must include at minimam a set of discrete descriptive elements that convey standardized information about the archival materials and creators being described.

                                                                            -Society of American Archivists  

 EAD3 changes 

 i. Achieving greater conceptual and semantic consistency in the use of EAD. 

 ii. Exploring machanisms whereby EAD encoded information might more seamlessly and effectively connect with, exchange or incorporate data maintained according to other protocols. 

 iii. Improving the functionality of EAD for representing descriptive information created in international and particularly in multilingual environments. 

 iv. Being mindful that a new version will affect current users. 


 EAD3 changes  

 • Allows for easy retrieval, searching and display of finding aids. 

 • Tag library available for more detailed descriptions. 

 • Added @lang and  @ script attributes 

 • More specific elements ex. is now daterange>, , < datesingle> 

 • Added tag to link to other records as a part of linked open data. 

 • There is a lot of conflicting information on the web, be sure to look at publishing dates for reference since EAD has evolved so much. 


 EAD (Book)  

 • The EAD is a standard for encoding descriptive information regarding archival records. 

 • Work on an encoding standard for archival description began in 1992 at the university of california and in 1998 the first version of EAD was released. 

 • A second version was released in 2002 and the latest version, EAD3, was released in August 2015. The society of American Archivists and the library of congress are jointly responsible for the maintenance and development of EAD.














                                                                     Notes                                                                









                                                                     Question                                                           

1. Assertion (A): RDF supports the use and exchange of metadata on the web. 
Reason (R): Bibliographic standards are the means to create and disseminate secondary information. Codes : 
A. (A) is true, (R) is false 
B. (A) is false, (R) is true 
C. Both (A) & (R) are correct 
D. Both (A) & (R) are false
Ans: 

2. Which one statement is not correct about metadata? 
A. This is nothing but data about data              B. It is different from bibliographic data 
C. It refers to any collection of data                 D. It is variant form of data
Ans: 

3. What is called the information about information and data about data? 
A. Microdata           B. Datum 
C. Metadata             D. Datas
Ans: 

4. What is the main aim of metadata? 
A. To catalogue all resources                                   B. To cataloged some resources on Internet 
C. To catalogue all resources on Internet                 D. To catalogue some of the resources
Ans: 

5. What are the two types of information in metadata? 
A. Basic details about the instructions that hold relevant information 
B. Basic details about relevant data sets 
C. Basic details about resources at internet 
D. (A) and (B) both
Ans: 

6. The simple Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) consists of 
A. 10 elements               B. 15 elements 
C. 14 elements               D. 18 elements
Ans: 

7. Assertion (A): Metadata hold much promise for information retrieval and access in the digital age. Reason (R): Metadata can save a number of functions including description, resource discovery and management of resources. 
Codes : 
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true 
C. Both (A) and (R) are true 
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
Ans: 

8. Metadata Dublin core refers to 
A. Data elements in database            B. Bibliographic elements in database 
C. Field elements in database           D. Subject elements in database
Ans: 

9. Data about data is known as 
A. Micro Data                  B. Database 
C. Metadata                      D. Databank
Ans: 

10. Arrange the following in the chronological sequence 
i. CCF                            ii. Metadata 
iii. ISBD                        iv. MARC 
Code: 
A. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) 
B. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) 
C. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) 
D. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
Ans: 

11. Dublin core is related to 
A. Metadata           B. MARC 
C. ISBD                 D. CCF
Ans: 

12. ‘Dublin Core Metadata’ consists of 
A. 11 elements              B. 13 elements 
C. 10 elements              D. 15 elements
Ans: 

13.