My Content

 Library Building, Furniture and Equipments;     Green Library Building; Information Common   Makers Space: Security and safety.                     

 Library Building                                                                                  

 Library is a trinity consisting of reading materials of various kinds, the library users of various types and a good number of professional staff. Library building is a warehouse of books, a workshop for the reader, and business - home for the staff. The building should be designed to supply adequate and efficient accommodations of materials, readers and staff. 

 The construction of a library building is of first and foremost step for planning a library or information centre as it cannot exist without a proper building. The library building should be well planned. The exterior should be inviting and the interior should be attractive. The building should be functional and at the same time aesthetic. It should be functional one providing enough space for various purpose to meet the requirements. The library building also should be modular and should have the provision of future growth. 

 Planning a Library Building                                                               

plan is  regarded as a projected course of action or the course of action to be done in near future. According to Koontz and O' Donnell, "planning is deciding in advance what to do? How to do? when to do ? and what is to do it?". After that planning is a continuous process requiring constant reappraisal. It is not an end in itself but a means to an agreed aim and objectives.  It involves selecting from alternative future  course of actions for the organisation as a  whole and for each of its department or section. It might be evaluated and revised in the light of developing situation, that is to say, a plan is always being brought Update throughout the long or medium term in  which it is based. 

 The planning for a library and information science centres arises out of a need. A library operates in a complex, dynamic, ever-changing and uncertain environment and as a social organizations it has to take care of increasing government regulation, union activities and increasing  community interest. It is always a  growing organization and with passage of time, some of the libraries grow into large and complex organizations. In view of the above, sound planning is highly essential for a library. It is through planning that a manager can deal with a potential problem before it can take an ugly shape. 

 The planning of the building of library and information centre can have the following steps 

  a. Formation of a Committee  

A planning committee should be formed in the first step. The head of the parent institutions, librarian, architect, library consultants, interior designer and, if possible, representative from the user community should also be included. 

 Inclusion of the a librarian should be treated as one of the most important components in planning a library and information science centre because he/she is the best person for planning and equipping the library. She/He himself/herself should also be very conscious about his/her responsibility in planning the library and information science centre. He/she should work closely with the building committee. He/ She must identify each and every factor with reference to which planning has to be made. The librarian should also consult other experienced librarians if there is any confusion as mistakes made at this stage could prove to be extremely serious. 

 b. Studying the Library Environment  

The planning committee should be accustomed to the library. To do so, they should read the existing literature on planning a library and information centre, visit some other library and information centre, and so on to assess the existing situation. They should  also try to understand the present strength and weakness of the library in the light of where it stands. 

 c. Studing the Functionality of the Parent Organization 

 The committee should study the functionality of the parent organization, its resources and visualize it's future direction and be aware about the changes and the consequent effect there of.  The objective should be estimated  for the entire library and them for each subordinate unit i.e. department or section of a library or information  centre then the subordinate parts of the department or section and so on. major department objectives in turn control the objectives of the subordinate departments and so on down the line. The objectives are divided and sub divided into successively smaller components to arrive at each department or section of the library to meet the definite set of goals for the short as well as long period. 

 A formal structure of authority should be established that is well defined and that can co-ordinate towards the attainment of the objectives. proper job analysis and assignment of job should be planned in such a manner that no overlapping in duties occur. This can be achieved by establishing various  departments. 

 d. Identifying Information Need of the Users 

Libraries and information centers are highly user oriented and so it should take care of the exact needs of the user. The experienced planner immediately asks for the evidence of the extent and the nature of demand for the libraries and information centre, going to be  planned. Needs of the user may be ascertained by questioning or by carrying out potential user studies. The nature and extent of local demand will have to be checked by consultation  surveys and controlled test so that all f its to the need. 

 e. Identifying Facilities in the library Building 

The building should be well equipped and must be free from dust, dirt. cobwebs and also should be water proof, theft proof and equipped with noise prevention   measures, the provision of drinking water, heating and cooling machine (air conditioned), proper lighting staircase, lift, etc.). 

 f. Establishment of Plan Premises or Forecasting 

 Forecasting is estimating or predicting the future internal and external environment of the library and information centre. Premises refer to planning  assumptions concering the expected internal or external environment under which the plan will operate. Since planning   is concerned with the object to be attained in the future and the provision of the means for their attainment, it is imperative that various dimensions of the future are explored and estimated. 

 g. Selecting course of Action 

 The planning should search   for and examine and evaluate the alternative course of action by weighing them in the light of various factors involved i.e. cost, time, materials   manpower, equipment etc. the use of operation research and mathematical and computing techniques may be helpful in this regard. Out of the alternatives, a suitable cause of action should be selected. 

 h. Choice of the site 

 objectives of the library is the main factors on which the planning of a modern library depends. Depending upon the objectives, it may be a public, special  or academic library. Choice of the site should be the one conveniently accessible to the community to be served taking into consideration of the future expansion.

i. Public Library : 

For public library, the site should be centrally located where everybody f inds it convenient. This should be the place where normally public visit more often than any other place. Therefore, a place where they go for shopping might  be found suitable. 

 ii. Universy Library : 

The site should be centrally located within the campus. 

 iii. College and School Library : 

The location of the library does not matter very much if the distances are small, but if possible the library should be at the entrance path or centrally located. 

 iv. Special Library : 

Library site in case of special library should be near the factory building or factory canteen or staff canteen. The ground floor might be  preferred for the library. 

 i. Financial and cost consideration 

 Without a proper source of finance a building of an information centre cannot be created. The building should be visualized based on the present and future source of funds. 

  Basic Principles of Library Building Design                                    

 Some of the basic principles of library building design are mentioned below -  

a. Functional Design : 

A library building should have functional design rather than a monumental one. There should be provision for documents, users, staff, and service areas. There should be areas for senior professional's rooms, library staff, seminar room, binding  section, reprographic section, digital library section with additional   areas for acquisition section, technical section  refference section, reading room, room for stack book. circulation section, etc. 

 b. Modular Design : 

In a modular building, the only fixed commitments we'll be colum, stairways, elevators, toilets, etc. The outside walls alongs with columns instead of interior load bearing walls will provide the vertical support. Beyond the basic elements, everything that goes into the building should be movable or subject to rearrangement, removal with a minimum of time, effort and expense based on taste of time or ever-changing  need of the library. The dimensions of the building should be in multiples or submultiples of some. module / column. The surrounding walls as well as the vertical column should be capable to hold any where at any time any reasonable load of books, readers or equipment and any combination or concentration of these. Typically the whole structure including the lighting should   permit any combination of activities re-arrangements of activities any where  and at any time. The modular system  will lead to the flexibility. 

 c. Flexible : 

There should be the means of interchangeability of all major stack areas, service area, reading room and  staff areas. The whole design should be such that if any change in library  function takes place in future it will be possible to adjust the layout without carrying out major structural operations. There should be no interior load bearing walls but the building should be able to bear the stack load any where. 

 d. Open Access / Close Access :  

The availability of the number of library staff, the user demand and the type of collection are the deciding factors for a library to go for open access or closed access system. In a closed access library, the users are prohibited to enter the library, the should write their demands in some slips. the building design for open access is also considered useful for closed access system. However, vice versa is not true. But, in both the closed and the open access systems, library property counter and some other things are a must, because the users are free to enter the reading room and the periodical section in both the cases. Both the systems require that the library buildings should have a single entrance and one exit point for keeping a proper control on incoming and out going users. The whole building shoulds be accessible from the entrance to different parts of the buildings by means of simple and easy to understand plan requiring only a few directions or guides. Doors and windows should be protected by means of wire fabric to avoid any loss of books 

 e. Scope for Future Growth : 

A library building should be planned for at least next 20 years, keeping in view the rate of collection development, number of readers, technology enhancements etc. The building should be extendable to allow for future growth with minimum  of disruptions. There should also be adequate provision for future expansion, both horizontally and vertically. 

 f. Air-conditioning, Lighting and Noise :  

Uniform standards of lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, noise prevention communications, fumigation and flooring are necessary to meet the criteria of interchangeability. The natural light should come inside the whole building throughout  the day time. Outside or background noises generally cannot be controlled except by double glazing which involves air conditioning.  The inside noise of human voice, equipment and mechanical device, impact of footsteps, banging of doors should be reduced by using insulating materials and device, use of acoustical material for walls and ceilings in corridors, reading rooms and work rooms. Use of proper coverings is also essential.

 g. Economic : 

The design should be such that the operation of the library can be carried out with the minimum of staff and finance. The windows should be covered with net. 

 h. Secure : 

The building should be free from dust, dirt and cobwels. To deal other vermin, the best remedy would be to have a rat proof building. The water may not enter the stock room either through  ventilators and windows or due to  leakage of roof. The stacking material should be fire proof. Sufficient number of fire extinguishers and fire buckets should be fixed at various strategic places in the building. The library building should also be designed to guard against some detrimental habits of the readers, visitors and outsiders. 

 Library Building Standards                                                                

It is desirable that a library should use standard specification. In this connection the following standards will be found useful :  

a. Library Committee (1957) : 

The UGC  programme (commission) appointed a committee  under the chairmanship of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan to advice on a wide range of subjects including the standards and subject including the standards and principles for the designing of library building, fitting and furniture. Administration of university libraries, training of librarianship etc.The report of this committee was published by the UGC in the year 1959 under the title  "Development of University and College Libraries."

 b. IS 1553 (1960) : 

Indian standards Institute which is now known as burean of Indian standards, appointed Dr. S. R. Ranganathan as the chairman of its first documentation sectional committee, which fixed (accorded) priority to the areas of library buildings, furnitures and fittings. The committee f inalized its draft for standards regarding buildings, furniture's and fittings and as a result IS 1553 - 1960 code of practice relating to primary elements in the design of library building come into existence. The IS 1553 1960 prescribed the average size of different types of libraries, the different kinds of rooms required etc. 

 c. IS 8338 (1976) (Reafirmed 2005) :  

Recommendations relating primary elements in the design of school library  buildings was adopted by the Indian standards institution on 22nd December 1976, after the draft finalized by the library buildings, fittings and furniture sectional committee had been approved by the civil engineering division council. 

 d. IS 1553 (1989) (Reafirmed 2005) : 

Indian Standard : the Design of library buildings recommendations relating to its primary elements covers the recommendations  relating to primary elements in the design of library buildings. This standard does not provide recommendations  for the types of libraries for special classes of users, such as library for the blind, field library (military) etc. for which requirements will-have to be separately worked out. some of its recommendations are -  

i. Adequate separation (about 10m) should preferably be available between the building and the other neighbouring buildings. 

 ii. The site shall a but on a road of not less than 12 m audth. One end of the road shall join another road of the same width and the road shall not have a dead end. 

 iii. Longitudinal gangway not less than 1m, cross gang way not less than 1.35m and ends gangway (between the end wall and nearest row of racks/reading table) not less then 1.325m. iv. The average area per reader in the reading room should be 2.33m2. 

 e. ISO 11219 : 2012 - ISO/TR 11210 :  

2012 specifies data for the planning of library buildings. It also provides guidance on the selection of technical building equipment for the different functional areas of libraries. ISO/TR 11219: 2012 is applicable to all typers of libraries in all countries, but especially to academic and public libraries. 

 According to keyes D. Metcalf planning academic and research library buildings, New York, McGraw-Hill 1965, P. 316. space for stairways, corridors, entrances, lobbies, toilet facilities, walls, columns, vertical communication and transportation, etc. would consists of 30 percent to one-third of area for documents, readers and services to readers and staff. 

 Indian standard recommendations relating to primary elements in the design of library building (first revision), Delhi, Indian Standards Institution, 1977 recommed the follow in 

 a. Documents : 150 volumes per square metre. 

 b. Library staff. 

                 i. Librarian and deputy librarian - 30m2 

                ii. Classifier, cataloguer, accession librarian and maintenance librarian - 9m2 

               iii. Administrative and professional straff not at service points = 5m2. 

c. Users : Average area reader in the reading room = 2.33m2. 

 d. Services : Area required for services to users can be calculated on the basis of local requirements.

  Library Furniture and Equipment                                                     

 Library furniture means movable objects made up of wood, metal or plastic or a combination of them that make the library building suitable for carrying out different operations. The libray furniture includes  movable objects intended to support  various human activities such as seating (e.g. chairs, stools and sofas), to hold library item (e.g. book rack, periodical rack, computer table) and so on.  

  Types of Library Furniture :  

The furniture and fittings can be made of metal wood on plastic. The furniture should be so provided as to give comfort to the readers and to make use of the resources of the library as conveniently as possible. The furniture and fittings should also be modular. This would be the case for fables, chairs, book racks, book trolleys, doors, windows etc. The following types of furniture are generally required for a library. 

 a. Book Rack : 

Book rack for holding books. Book racks in which books are kept should not be high and books on the top shelves should be easily reachable. Book racks are used to store books, bound volumes of periodicals, reports and such other kinds of materials. Book rack / stack are required for reading room,. staff's room seminar and meeting hall, for non book materials and so on. While selecting book rack/stack for any kind of library. the main consideration should be to ensure maximum space utilization, user convenienience and easy movement with the stock room. In general, the height of the unit book rack should be such that a person of normal height should be able to pick up books from top-most shelf. 

 b. Periodical Display Rack: 

Periodical display rack or stand is used for displaying periodical for example magazines, journals etc. Double sided periodical racks are not recommeded since the unit becomes too bulky. It is better to place two single sided racks back to back, if necessary.  

c. Charging Desk / Issue counter : 

In most of the libraries the charging desk is w specially designed to serve special need of the library, and it is not usually acquired from the open marked that has predefined shape and size. The issue counter is usually designed for two people to work simultaneously. The counter should also have sufficient shelving space for placing the books which are returned by the users. 

 d. Book Display Stand : 

One or two display stand for new arrival book is a good idea  for a modern library. 

 e. Reading Table : 

The tables to be used in the reading room are large in size and without any drawers. If a library has children conner or children user, then there should be a provision for children reading table. 

 f. General Table : 

Some generial on common type table are also required for the technical staff of the library. In case of public library there should be separate table for the adult and children reader. 

 g. Computer Table : 

Proper computer tables with drawers are required for the OPAC terminal, digital library section and staff computer and such other. 

 h. Chairs : 

The chairs are required for reception counter / lounge (coupe chair), technical staff, reading room (corfu chair for children and adult), digital library section and OPAC terminal. 

 i. Newspaper Stand : 

A few news paper stand with sloping top should be purchased to give the provision to the read to read the newspaper conveniently. 

 j. Book Ends or Book Supports : 

At least two book supports are required for one plank so that the books are made to stand erect. 

 k. Notice Board : 

A few notice board of varying size will be needed to use in different places of the library building for example at the entrance, at the issue return counter and os on. 

 l. Book - lifts : 

if the book stacks are spread over many floors, it is desirable that book lifts or dumb elevators, as these are called, should be provided. 

 m. Book Trolley / Dolly : 

To carry books from one end to the other end of each f loor, there should be a book trolley so that the time and energy of the staff can be seved. 

 n. Stool / Step Ladder : 

Stool refers to a type of seat without back or arm rests. A few stool are required for the under-sized reader who cannot reach to the top of the book rack/stack.  Stool or step ladder are also required for reaching the roof for cleaning, for users in stack room for picking books from upper shelves and so on. 

 o. Record Keeping Equipment : 

The record keeping equipment includes gate register, accession register, membership registers, periodical record register, loan register, and such others. In a modern library, most of the record keeping  equipment is replaced by computerized record keeping data bases.  

p. Filing Cabinets : 

There should be filing cabinets for correspondences, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, patents, standards and other types of materials with odd size. For filing of correspondence, vertical f iling cabinets with drawers that can be pulled out can be used. Pamphlet boxes of various kinds are also available in the market for storing pamphlets, leaflets. standards and patents. 

 q. Property Counter : 

In case of open access library, property counter or rack for keeping the users belonging will form an important part of library furniture and fitting. 

 Standards for furniture and Fittings :  The indian statistical institution. Delhi has laid down a standard for wooden rack vide IS : 1829 (part - 1) -1961 "specification for library furniture and fitting : part - 1 (timber)" and IS : 1829 (part - 2) -1977 "specification for library furniture and f illings. Part - 2 Steel". These have been realffirmed by the university grants .commission's library committee. These are very much in use. The dimension for table, chair, shelving and card catalogue cabinet can be taken from the indian standard specification for library furniture and fitting part 1 and 11. A few indian standard that are applicable in library furniture and fitting are mentioned  below 

 a. IS 1829 : This standard was first published in 1961. Indian standard 1829, first revision of "specification for library furniture and f ittings, part 1 Timber" was adopted by the indian standards institution on 22 February 1978, after the draft finalized by the library buildings, fittings and furniture sectional committee had been approved by the civil engineering division council.  The Indian standard 1829, specification for library furniture and f ittings part 2 steel" was first published in 1977 by Indian standards institution New Delhi. 

 b. IS 1883 : 1983 - Specification for Metal shelving racks, adjustable type (Third Revision). 

 c. IS 2695 : 1974 - Specification for drawing f iling equipment (first revision) 

 d. IS 3312 : 1984 - Specification for steel shelving cabinets (adjustable type) (second revisions) 

 e. IS 4116 : 1988 - Specification for wooden shelving cabinets (adjustable type) ( first revision) 

 f. IS 7076 : 1983 - Specification for metal book ends .(First Revision)  

g. IS 7761: 1983 - Specification for steel book cases (First Revision)  

h. IS 8467: 1977 - Specification for steel card-index cabinets. 

i. IS 9715 : 1981 - Specification for steel visible indexing system cabinets 

  Dimensions of Library furniture and f ittings                                   

The dimensions of a few library furniture and fittings are mentioned below. Mostly they are taken from IS 1829, part 1 and Part - 2. 

  a. Book Racks :  

For normal shelving in generel libraries, the standard racks or shelvess mode of either seasoned teak or sheesham wood can prove useful and functional. Each individual rack it usually 180 cm wide, 195/225 cm high and 25/50 cm deep depending on whether it is a single sided or double sided. The number of shelves in a rack in usually 5-6 depending on the high of the rack. A number of rocks can be joined together to make one row. The popular kinds of stocks are :  

i. Fixed shelves with Double Row : 

They are normal fixed shelves where material can be arranged in double rows. 

 ii. Hinged stacks : 

Here two shelves are joined together with hinges on one side and one shelf fixed while the other is mounted in front of the hinges. 

 iii. Rolling stacks : 

These are metal stack units mounted on ball bearing wheel placed side by side. 

 iv. Compact Storage : 

This system consists of units of three of three stocks, the contre row of fixed double-sided stacks at each side. This helps in increasing the capacity of the storage space. 

 v. Multitier Stacks : 

This kind of stacking consists of stacks from the floor to the  root and it has become quite popular in very large libraries. 

 b. Periodical Display Rack : 

A periodicals display shall consist of twenty fire compartments in five rows. Each compartment shall be of the size 265 mmx 345 mm and it shall be fitted with display shelf having a handle cum label holder. The overall dimensions of the periodicals display rack shall be of height - 1910 mm. width - 1435 mm and depth - 405 mm. The outer sides of the rack shall be of 18 mm thick teak board. The uprights, top and bottom shelves shall also be made of teak board of 18 mm thickness. Intermediate  horizontal shelves shall be of 12 mm commercial ply and the display shelves shall be of teak wood frame with 5 mm teak ply. The following types of periodical display racks are generally available in the market.  

i. Step or Gallery Type : 

In this type, the periodicals are displayed stepwise, each step being 5 cm deep and 15 cm high, length of the rock is generally 90 cm. There may be 4-5 steps and on each step 4-5 journals can be displayed and on a single side rack 20-25 journals can be displayed. 

 ii. Pigeon Hole Type : 

This type of rack has two parts, one being a cupboard in the bottom and other pigeon holes at the top. The usual height and width are 7.5 feet by 6 feet. The depth is about one feet in the the pigeon hole and about 1.5 feet in the lower cupboard portion. The cupboard portion is for storing the back volumes of the periodicals and the pigeons holes hole about 836 current periodical.

iii. Inclined Type : 

This type of display rack is an improvement over the earlier pigeon hole type of rack. This is a box type rack with horizontal shelves, each covered with wooden planks with an inclination to the shelf plank. The shelves can be portioned into pigeon holes, each hole being provided with a wooden support for the periodicals. The inclined plank provides a way of displaying periodicals with the back issues in the space behind the inclined plank - Display space for 25-30 periodicals can be provided in one rock. 

 c. Charging Desk/issue counter : 

The height of the counter should be 4-5 foot and have sufficient drawer space to accommodate all the issued documents records. The common type of design used for issue counter is circular, L- shaped, rectangular, and u - shaped.  

d. Display Stand : 

Display stand shall be of 910 mm x 910 mm or 1220 mm X 1220 mm size. It shall be made of any soft surface board like perforated board, strow board, etc. It shall be capable of holding pins. Display stand may either be  single or double required. 

 e. Reading Room Table : 

The size of the reading room table shall be 900 mm x 600 mm for single and 2400mm x 600mm for three readers. The height of the table top shall be 750 mm.  

The minimum knowledge space per reader shall be 450 mm deep, 650 mm high and 600 mm wide. 

 The footrest, either in the form of a fixed rod or as a separate pipe shall be provided at the height of 150 mm from the floor. 

 f. Study Table : 

Study table shall have the home dimensions as the reading room table for a single reader, that is, 900mm x 600mm. It may have additional provision for side drawers with locking arrangement and shelf space for keeping documents on the top of the table with lighting arrangement. 

  g. Chair : The height of the seat of the chair above floor level shall be 430mm  

 h. Catalogue Cabinet : The catalogue cabinet  is a unit of drawers full of cards specially designed to hold library cart (5X3) and equipped with a matal holding rod. These unit are available in a wide range of sizers starting from four drawers to about sixty drawers. For convenience and ease of consultation, the trays of drawers are placed on stands of eye level. Each tray can hold about 1000 thick cards. 

  Other Requirements                                                                            

 а. Computers : 

Typewriters are gradually replaced by computers in most of the libraries. So, it's better to go for computer then typewriters. 

b. Printer : 

In a modern day libraries computer printer should also be procured. It will help the reader to take the printout of the downloaded electronic document. 

 c. Scanner : 

Scanner is highly useful in document delivery services- to  scan a page or two of the library book and sent it to the user as an email attachment. It can also be used for some other services. 

d. Photocopiers : 

In the libraries for various activities there will always be the need of multiple copies of a single document. The photocopiers will also be needed when readers. of the library want to make xerox copies of a book or for uch other activities. Several leading companies are manufacturing photocopiers with several variations like coloured copiers, size enlargement or reduction and several copies at a time. Depending on the requirements of an individual library and availability of funds, suitable copier as per requirement can be purchased. 

 e. Bar Coding Equipment : 

It an automated library bar-cording printer, bar-coding reader and such others should also be procured. 

 f. Miscellaneous Items : 

Other miscellaneous item will include vacuum cleaners, air-conditioners, binding equipment, projectors etc. 

 Green Library Building                                                                       

A green library may be a library that uses latest and cutting edge technology in designing a library building and providing services to its users in ecp friendly environment., Concept, "Green libraries" emerged in the early 1990s. 

   Necessity for Green Libraries   

 • Global surface temperature is rising day by day. 

 • To control the pollution and green house gases in environment. 

 • To play a greater role in becoming the planet green. 

 • To work for the betterment of mankind. 

• To establish a new image of the library in the modern world.  

A green library is designed to minimize negative impact on the natural environment and maximize indoor environmental quality by means of careful site selection, use of natural construction materials and biodegradable. Products, conservation of resources and responsible waste disposl. 

  Green library Initiatives globaly   

 • In 1979 Barkly public library's tool lending. 

 • The task force on the environment (TFOE) with ALA. 

 • Richmond Main library in Richmond, California - Community garden.

 • Fayetteville public library (set up in 2004, USA) 

 • Scattle central library (set up in 2004, USA) 

 • Minneapoks public library (set up in 2006, USA) 

 • Kanazawa, Japan.  

• National library, Singapore. 

  Guideline for Green Library   

 • LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment  Design) certification system, which was developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) provide LEED- India. 

 • LEED rate no 100 points and certify the buildings on the following criteria. 

 25-40 Points as certified. 

 41-50 Points as silver. 

 51-60 Points as gold. 

61-80 Prints as platinum. 

  Areas where LEED - INDIA Consider  

 Five key areas namely  

1. Site location. 

 2. Materials. 

 3. Water conservation  

4. Energy efficiency. 

 5. Indoor air quality, and a bonus  category for innovation and design. 

  Site Selection  

 • Selection of the site has a large impact on how ecologically friendly the library will be. 

 • The library should be located in a densely populated area, near a number of other service related buildings. 

 • People should be able to reach the building via public transportation. 

  Green library Initiatives in India   

 1. Perma karpo library, Ladakh in India. 

 2. National library of India, Kolkata 

 3. NIT Library, Silchar.

 4. The LEED anna centenary library located in Kollurpuram. 

 5. Madras, calcutta, Delhi, Mumbai university library systems.

   Energy Conservation  

 • To maximize emergy efficiency libraries are combining passive and active strategies. 

 • Active strategies are more technologically advanced solutions. 

 • Photovoltaic panels for utilizing renewable energy. 

 Water conservation 

 Strategies can be used to capture rainwater runoff to be used in irrigation  

  Reduce the Environmental impact of ICT   

 • The world's ITC ecosystem uses about 1,500 electricity annually, equal to all the electric generation of Japan and Germany combined. 

 • Sharing resources (cloud computing) 

 • A typical computer running for a day create 494 kg CO2, 10 MB of data produce 2-1/2 Kilos of CO2. 

 • A google search couses between 1g-10g (gram) CO2 emissions depending on the time involved. 

 • Environmental guide and work  methods that motivate people to participate. 

 • Employee must be supported by an environmental training. 

   Some tips from Librarians Desk  

 • Use of CFL lights instead of tube lights reduce power expense. 

 • Use of e-books and journals to save paper and place. 

• Use of eco-friendly paints on the wall to reflect more light. 

 • Laptops use less electricity than desktop versions. 

 • Turning off of lights and fans in the library when not required. 

 • Create sustainability awards as incentive  to encourage library services. 

 Information Common Makers Space                                                 

 Makerspace is a separate place for collaboration or collaborative work in library or work area for making, learning, exploring and sharing.  

Laura flemings explains that it is a "metaphor for a unique learing environment that encourages linkering. Play and open ended exploration for all the users of the library" .

As per John Bruke, it is the "area in a library where users can use tools and equipment to design, build. and create all sorts of different things. It may be a dedicated room or a multi purpose space in which a collection of raw materials and resources can be utilized as desired. Projects range from prototyping product design with 3D printers, to programming robors, to creating art out recycled items". 

   Making in Makerspaces   

 • Making is the basic and fundamental in every human being. 

 • Expressing, creating and making gives a inner satisfaction make one feel as unige. 

• Benefits of economics through growing arrays of alternative ways. 

 • Societal factors which includes curiosity, ideology are the necessity of every human being to be part of maker moment. 

 • Concept of DIY (do-it-yourself) allows one to make extraordinary works. 

 • So, maker moment constitutes creating knowledge, learning, experiences and prototypes research. 

  Makerspace in Libraries  

 • Makerspaces in libraries are also known as maker labs and innovation spaces. 

 • If has been known for rebuilding or retooling the available public spaces in the libraries. 

 • Libraries are experiencing a shift from providing of knowledge (for example, books and periodicals) to the cultivation of active knowledge creation across various media, both analogue and digital. 

 • Canino - Fluit in his book school library makerspaces said that "Makerspaces focus on tinkering,  problem posing projects, hands-on learning and the holistic  engagement of the body for learning. 

 • Libraries are the incubators for new discoveries and innovators that can reach local to global communities and providing the makerspace can help them in achieving these. 

  Goals of Makerspacers in libraries  

 • Encourage community outreach. 

• Enhance learning and literacy. 

 • Promoting the culture of Making. 

 • Provide access to expensive machines or tools. 

 • Complement digital repository or digital  scholarship projects. 

 • Reaching out community requested or needs. 

  Makerspaces in Libraries for users  

 • Creativity skills. 

 • Critical thinking and problem-solving skills. 

 • Applying knowledge to practice problemes. 

 • Collaboration with other peers. 

 • Graining confidence in their abilities. 

 • Empower them to think and lead with out needing to look to educators to facilitate the process of learning  

   Makerspaces Projects in Libraries  

 • Digital Humanities. 

 • Coding/Programming. 

 • Digital / Fabrication. 

 • 3D Printing | Modeling. 

 • Digital Photography. 

 • Animation and Graphics Design. 

 • Motion Capture. 

 • Fashion Design Architecture. 

 • Electronics. 

 • Robot Designing | Robotics. 

 • Circuit Designs / Electrical Design. 

• Inventions. 

 • Creating Art out of recycled / waste material.

 • Many more. 

  Makerspace Places   

 • Within library.

- Robotics and coding room.

- Engineering Room.

- Audio visual Room/studio.

- Design | Thinking room. 

 • Invention labs. 

 • Classroom integration. 

 • Steam labs. 

 • Fab labs. 

   Benefits   

 • Helps in making people meet, interact and converse wit the individuals who are sharing unique position or ideas. 

 • Provides experience of live working performances, and demonstrations. 

 • Helps in engaging in hands on whorkshops and activities, resulting in some learning. 

 • Exposed to wide interdisciplinary subjects and motivating innovations. 

 • Makerspaces are designed to make students work through a problem from start to finish. when students are working on a project, they get to see the success, and failure of their ideas. Best of all, students can learn far more through the process of experimenting.

Security and Saftty

                                                                     Notes                                                                

                                                                     Question