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Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                       

                                   Adaptation                              

The Kyoto Protocol, like the convention is also designed to assist countries in adapting to the adverse effects of climate change. It facilitates the development and deployment of technologies that can help increase resilience to the impacts of climate change.

The Adaptation fund was established to finance adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are parties to the Kyoto protocol. In the first commitment period, the fund was financed mainly with a share of proceeds from CDM project activities. In Doha in 2012, it was decided that for the second commitment period, international emissions trading and joint implementation world also provide the adaptation, fund with a 2 per-cent share of proceeds.

The Kyoto Protocol is seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissionio, and can provide the architecture for the future international agreement on climate change.

In Durban, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) was established to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the convention applicable to all parties. The ADP is to complete its work as early as possible, but no later than 2015, in order to adopt this protocol, legal instrument or agreed outcome with legal force at the twenty first sension of the conference of the parties and for it to come into effect and be implemented from 2020.











Notes : 












Question : 

1. Which of the following is termed as the Tiger state? 
a. Rajasthan                               b. Gujarat 
c. Madhya Pradesh                     d. Jammu and Kashmir
Ans: 

2. While all rivers of Peninsular India flows into Bay of Bengal, Narmada and Tapti flow into Arabian Sea because [June 2006] 
a. These two rivers follow the slope of the rift valleys. 
b. The general slope of Indian Peninsula is from east to west. 
c. The Indian Peninsula, north of the Satpura Ranges is tilted towards the west. 
d. The Indian Peninsula, south of the Satpura Ranges is tilted towards the east.
Ans: 

3. Match the following. [December 2008]          
List-l.                                             List-II 
(National parks).                              (States) 
A. Periyar.                                      I Orissa 
B. Nandankanan.                           II Kerala 
C. Corbett National Park.              III Rajasthan 
D Sariska Tiger Reserve.               IV. Uttarakhand 
Codes: 
a. A-II, B-III, Č-IV, D-III 
c. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV 
b. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III 
d. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
Ans: 

4. Environmental Impact Assessment is an objective analysis of the possible changes in the [June 2009] a. Physical characteristics of the environment. 
b. Biophysical characteristics of the environment. 
c. Socio-economic characteristics of the environment. 
d. All the above
Ans: 

5. The Great Indian Bustard bird is found in [December 2009] 
a. Thar Desert of Rajasthan                          b. Coastal regions of India 
c. Malabar coast                                            d. Delta regions
Ans: 

6. The turpentine oil used in the manufacture of medicines is obtained from 
a. Acacia                                     c. Sunflower 
b. Chir pin                                  d. None of the above
Ans: 

7. The main characteristic of biodiversity hotspots is/are 
a. Threat from human beings. 
b. Biogeographical region with a specified percentage of endemic species. 
c. Both (a) and (b) 
d. Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: 

8. The Sagarmatha National Park has been established to preserve the ecosystem of which mountain peak? [December 2009] 
a. Kanchenjunga                               b. Mount Everest 
c. Annapurna                                     d. Dholavira
Ans: 

9. Chipko Movement, basically to protect environment, originated in 1974 in 
a. Uttarakhand                         c. Madhya Pradesh.
b. Bihar                                    d. None of the above
Ans: 

10. Solid waste treatment by pyrolysis refers to 
a. Heating in the absence of air..                      b. No heating 
c. Heating in the presence of air.                      d. Treating with chemicals before heating.
Ans: 

11. The main reason for global warming is 
a. Increased concentration of anthropogenic CO, in the air. 
b. Decreased concentration of CO, in the air. 
c. Increased water vapours in the atmosphere. 
d. None of the above
Ans: 

12. The number of major GHGs identified for reduced emissions as per Kyoto Protocol are 
a. 4                          b. 5 
c. 6                          d. 8
Ans: 

13. The species those are especially likely to develop on biologically isolated areas such as islands are called 
a. Endemic species                   b. Extinct 
c. Wild                                      d. None of the above
Ans: 

14. Ramsar Convention is related to the conservation of 
a. Tiger                                            b. Elephants 
c. Crop genetic diversity                  d. Wetlands
Ans: 

15. The Great Indian Rhino has its natural home in 
a. Kaziranga National Park                 b. Corbett National Park 
c. Sunderbans                                      d. Kanha National Park
Ans: 

16. Which of the following results in bioaccumulation and contamination of food chains? 
a. Pesticides                         b. Polychlorinated biphenyls 
c. PAN                                  d. All the above
Ans: 

17. Pollutants in the soil can be broken by microorganisms. This process is called 
a. Probiotics                                     b. Bioremediation 
c. Bioaugmentation                          d. None of the above
Ans: 

18. Match the following. 
List-1.                                                     List-ll 
A. Ozone depletion.                      I. Basel convention 
B CO2 reduction.                         Il. Kyoto Protocol 
C. Sustainable development.       III. Rio Summit 
D. Hazardous waste.                    IV Montreal Protocol 
Codes: 
a. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I 
c. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV 
b. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I 
d. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
Ans: 

19. The Lion Tail Macaque is endemic to 
a. Andaman and Nicobar Islands                    b. Lakshadweep 
c. Nilgiris                                                        d. Arunachal Pradesh
Ans: 

20. The most efficient method of biodegradable urban solid waste management is 
a. Landfills                             b. Pelletization 
c. Gasification                        d. Composting
Ans: 

21. Wild water buffalo or Asian Buffalo or Indian Buffalo is mostly found in 
a. Eastern Himalayas                      c. Aravali Hills 
b. Western Ghats                             d. Satpura Range
Ans: 

22. The status of World Heritage Site is assigned by the 
a. UN                              b. UNESCO 
c. World Bank                 d. UNHRC
Ans: 

23. Match the following. 
  List-I.                                             List-II 
(Sanctuary).                                     (State) 
A. Kaziranga National Park.          I. Assam 
B. Keolado National Park.            II. Rajasthan. 
C. Sunderbans National Park.       III. West Bengal 
D. Nanda Devi National Park.      IV. Uttar Pradesh 
Codes: 
a. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV 
b. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV 
c. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I 
d. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Ans: 

24. As in the beginning of 2016, the number of biosphere reserves in India was 
a. 15                               c. 20 
b. 18                               d. 22
Ans: 

25. MAB stands for 
a. Man and Biome                           b. Man and Biodiversity 
c. Man and Biosphere                      d. Man and Biosciences
Ans: 

26. As in 2016, the number of biosphere reserves in India as per UNESCO's MAB list is 
a. 10.                           c. 11 
b. 9                             d. 12
Ans: 

27. UNESCO stands for 
a. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization 
b. United Nations Engineering, Scientific, and Cultural Organization 
c. United Nations Educational, Social, and Cultural Organization 
d. United Nations Educational, Scientific Control Organization
Ans: 

28. How many biological hotspots are located in India? 
a. 1                           c. 3 
b. 2                          d. 4
Ans: 

29. In which city was the UN Conference on Environment also termed as Earth Summit, held in 1992? a. Rio de Janeiro                         c. Stockholm 
b. Kyoto                                      d. Copenhagen
Ans: 

30. Which one of the following is not an in situ conservation for biological resources? 
a. Biosphere reserve                       b. National parks 
c. Protected areas                           d. Breeding in confined areas
Ans: 

31. Mauna Loa, in Hawaii (USA), is famous for 
a. Botanical garden 
b. Monitoring sea level rise since 1950. 
c. Biggest collection of mammal fossils. 
d. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric CO, levels since 1957.
Ans: 

32. The Tehri Dam is located in 
a. Gujarat                               b. Madhya Pradesh 
c. Uttarakhand                       d. Uttar Pradesh
Ans: 

33. IUCN stands for 
a. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 
b. Indian Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 
c. Integrated Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 
d. None of the above
Ans: 

34. In which of the following cities the phenomenon of classical smog was observed for the first time? a. Japan                           c. London 
b. New York                    d. Los Angeles
Ans: 

35. The process of conversion of solid waste into organic fertilizers by making use of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi is called 
a. Disposal                               c. Composting 
b. Remediation                        d. None of the above
Ans: 

36. The Coriolis effect results from 
a. Earth's rotation.                                                                                    b. The prevailing winds. 
c. Heating of the earth near the equator and cooling near the poles.        d. Ocean currents.
Ans: 

37. On which of the following day, Environment Day is celebrated? 
a. December 29                        b. May 15 
c. June 5                                   d. None of the above
Ans: 

38. Which of the following is considered as the common indicator organism of water pollution? 
a. Coral reefs                        b. Plasmodium 
c. Escherichia coli                d. None of the above
Ans: 

39. In which year India announced a National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)? 
a. 2008                    c. 2003 
b. 2005                    d. 1998
Ans: 

40. Match the following.     
      List-I.                                     List-II 
  (Disease).                                 (Causes) 
A. Black foot.                             I. Arsenica 
B. Pulmonary oedema.              II. Nitrogen oxides 
C. Hay fever.                              III. Allergy 
D. Sariska tiger reserve               IV. Uttarakhand 
Codes: 
a. A-II, B-I, C-III 
c. A-III, B-II, C-I 
b. A-I, B-II, C-III 
d. A-II, B-III, C-I
Ans: 

41. Which of the following region has the greatest biodiversity? 
a. Tropical rain forests                                 c. Sub-tropical region 
b. Arctic region                                            d. None of the above
Ans: 

42. Which national park is situated at the highest altitude in the country? 
a. Corbett National Park                                               b. Hemis National Park 
c. Silent Valley National Park                                       d. Dachigam National Park.
Ans: 

43. The Indian government has established around eighteen biosphere reserves in India. Ten of eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. Which of the following has been added in 2016? 
a. Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve                                   b. Seshachalam Hills 
c. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve                 d. Great Nicobar
Ans: 

44. Which of the following pairs of Health problem and its causing pollutant is not correctly matched? a. Nervous system - Aldrin                                                   b. Neurological disorders - Pesticides 
c. Loss of consciousness - Oxides of Nitrogen                     d. Skin cancer - PAN
Ans: 

45. India exploded her first underground nuclear device at 
a. Kota                              c. Jaipur 
b. Ranchi                          d. Pokhran
Ans: 

46. Weeds compete with crops for resources. Farmers can get rid of weeds by using 
a. Insecticide                        c. Herbicide 
b. Fungicide                         d. Rodenticide
Ans: 

47. Organic food is supposed to be better for human health as 
a. It is raised on special chemicals.                                                              b. It is more expensive. 
c. It is grown without the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides.            d. None of the above
Ans: 

48. The biggest impacts are made on the environment by 
a. The migration of species                            b. Human interference 
c. Competition                                                d. None of the above
Ans: 

49. Maintaining balance between fulfilment of human needs and protection of environment is termed as a. Environmental development                 b. Sustainable development 
c. Economic development                         d. None of the above
Ans: 

50. The Rio Declaration on the Environment and Development and Agenda 21 encouraged people to 
a. Think global, act local                                   b. Act global, think local 
c. Act as we are, think as we do                         d. Depends on situation
Ans: 

51. Which of the following would indicate a warming in the average global temperature? 
a. An expansion of glaciers around the world.                      b. A rise in sea level. 
c. Earlier freeze dates for major lakes.                                  d. Both (a) and (b)
Ans: 

52. A by-product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide. Which of the following is the cleanest with respect to the release of carbon dioxide? 
a. Coal                           c. Wood 
b. Oil                              d. Natural gas
Ans: 

53. Vermicomposting is a method of composting that involves 
a. Silkworms                               b. Earthworms 
c. Bacteria                                   d. One of these
Ans: 

54. The method which can increase the supply of usable, good quality water is 
a. Chlorination                           c. Cloud seeding 
b. Recharging of water              d. None of the above
Ans: 

55. Why would global warming lead to an increase in sea level? 
a. Melting of Polar ice                                                                                        b. Melting of glaciers 
c. An increase in water temperature would cause the water to expand.              d. All the above
Ans: 

56. Which of the following is not considered to be a green house gas? 
a. Methane.                        b. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 
c. Hydrogen                       d. Ozone
Ans: 

57. Baba Amte was the leader of 
a. Appiko Movement                                b. Chipko Movement 
c. Narmada Bachao Andolan                    d. Tehri Dam Movement
Ans: 

58. An organization or entity is to get one carbon credit if it is able to avoid emission of 
a. One ton of carbon dioxide or its equivalent.            b. One ton of any greenhouse gas. 
c. One ton of hydrocarbon emissions.                          d. One ton of carbon monoxide.
Ans: 

59. Using coal, natural gas or oil for electricity, heat or transportation releases CO, into the atmosphere. The daily CO, emissions make up the 
a. Carbon footprint                 b. Carbon dating 
c. Carbon credit                      d. None of the above
Ans: 

60. Which of the following is considered as the best quality of coal? 
a. Peat                          c. Bituminous 
b. Lignite                     d. Anthracite
Ans: 

61. Which of the following organizations has categorized wild flora and fauna into eight categories (known as Red List) such as extinct, critically endangered and endangered? 
a. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources          b. UNESCO 
c. Conference on Biodiversity                                                                               d. Kyoto Protocol
Ans: 

62. The small amount of warming that may set off unstoppable and irreversible changes is termed as 
a. Tipping point                              b. Inflection point 
c. Turning point                              d. None of the above
Ans: 

63. In which year was the Kyoto Protocol signed? 
a. 1997                          b. 1992 
c. 1995                          d. 2005
Ans: 

64. The endangered largest living lemur Idri idri is an inhabitant of 
a. Nepal                           c. Madagascar 
b. Pakistan                       d. USA
Ans: 

65. Which of the following is the most productive agroecosystem? 
a. Maize                    c. Sugarcane 
b. Wheat                   d. None of the above
Ans: 

66. In which year India announced National Action Plan on Climate Change? 
a. 2005                      b. 2008 
c. 2012                      d. 2013
Ans: 

67. The logo of WWF is 
a. Giant panda                             b. Lion 
d. None of the above                   c. Tiger
Ans: 

68. Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite or GOSAT also known as Ibuki was launched by 
a. USA                   c. South Korea 
b. Japan                  d. China
Ans: 

69. Which of the following state has maximum of mangrove cover in India? 
a. Goa.                      b. West Bengal 
c. Orissa                    d. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Ans: 

70. On which of the following days Biological Diversity Day is celebrated? 
a. December 29                    c. May 21 
b. June 5                               d. October 22
Ans: 

71. Which of the following organizations have promoted Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)? 
a. International Union for Conservation of Nature                   b. United Nations 
c. World Bank                                                                            d. International Monetary Fund
Ans: 

72. Dachigam Sanctuary is associated with conservation of 
a. Hangul                              c. Lion 
b. Tiger                                 d. Rhinoceros
Ans: 

73. Which of the following Indian States/UT has the maximum percentage of mangrove cover in the country? 
a. Gujarat                                   b. West Bengal 
c. Andaman and Nicobar           d. Orissa
Ans: 

74. 'India is graduating from megawatts to gigawatts in renewable energy production'. Which of the following is a new target for the solar energy production in India by 2022? 
a. 20 GW                      c. 100 GW 
b. 40 GW                     d. 350 GW
Ans: 

75. The Government of India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) targets to United Nations Frame Work Convention on Climate Change. Which of the following statements are true in this context? 
1. To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level. 
2. To achieve about 40 per cent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. 
3. To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billiontons of CO, equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. 
Codes: 
a. 1 and 2 only                            c. 1, 2 and 3 
b. 1 and 3 only                            d. 2 and 3 only
Ans: 

76.