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Reading Comprehension
Reading Comprehension
1. Read the passage below and answer the
questions based on understanding of the
passage. :
Communication media have evolved along
with technological transformations and
progress. Man’s inborn need to communicate led to the first medium for the global
transmission of information – the printing
press, followed by the rotary printing press.
But the need for information has always
been in continuous growth, so that inventions such as telegraph had to be adopted
for information transmission by waves. Indeed, the radio was one of the society’s
great technological and democratizing advances. But there is no doubt that television has succeeded in making McLuhan’s
idea of the existence of a television tribe
a reality. Large companies, which control
access to information by methods that are
close to being a monopoly, wage fierce
battles in order to control mass media, especially television.
The “fourth power’ collects, disseminates
and preserves a great quantity of information. This information is thematically diverse and exists in a wide variety of formats and media. In order to control such
an important business asset, almost all
television broadcasters have set a documentation service that is responsible for
satisfying journalists’ information needs
and for the maintenance of the firm’s intellectual and cultural heritage.
Documentation centres are just the visible aspects of a great documentation web
involving different classes of documents,
varied media and the diverse requirements
of end users. The computerization of documentation structures is a reality that is
sustained by a constant exchange of information between documentalists and
communication scientists, aimed at enabling the preservation of information and
access to this information by means of a
standard set of parameters.
The thematic descriptors must describe,
viewed and referred content in the audiovisual documents with precision. Thematic
identification has a special importance
since it is the usual method for accessing
information. For these fields, different television companies use different proprietary ad hoe tools, with thesauri being the
formula employed to control vocabulary.
There have also been experiments aimed
at developing effective tools based on faceted classifications. The fact that audiovisual information has to be analysed from
two different perspectives in order to understand the challenges offered by this kind
of document should be considered. The visual and the sonorous sometimes are
complementary, and consequently must be
studied and analysed by the information
manager. Sound and visual tracks do often collaborate to create a joint informative message, but it is also very common
the case where both contribute to create
quite different meanings.
1. The first medium for global transmission
of information was
(A) Radio (B) Printing Press
(C) Television (D)Telegraph
2. The intellectual and cultural heritage of
television broadcasting firms is maintained by
(A) Communication media
(B) Journalists
(C) Television
(D) Setting up a documentation service
3. A standard set of parameters is needed
for
(A) Establishing documentation centres
(B) Meeting diverse requirements of users
(C) Preservation and access to information
(D) Exchange of documents
4. For organizing information, television
companies use tools such as
(A) Thesauri
(B) Faceted classification
(C) Non-faceted classification
(D) Thematic descriptors
5. Audio-visual information has to be
analysed for
(A) Information management
(B) Understanding the challenges offered
by such documents (C) Collaborating sound and visual tracks
(D) Locating information from different
places
2. Read the passage given below and answer
the questions based on your understanding of the passage.
In the late 1990s the publishing world
launched a new system into the information
and publishing world called Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). DOIs are alphanumeric character strings that identify objects in an electronic
environment.
DOIs are universal, unique and permanent
identification tags for online content that is
registered in an online directory. DOIs can
cover any form of digital files such as text,
image, video, audio or even software. DOIs can
also cover many levels of content. For example,
it might tag an entire book, a chapter in the
book, illustrations, individual sentences, or
perhaps the book’s index. It is a system that
identifies creation endeavours and uniquely
marks the content of these items. It is intended to individualize information units on
the Web.
DOIs can be placed in a variety of places,
such as in the object itself, in an information
structure that contains the object, on a Web
page that describes the element, in a database or as an entry in an indexing system.
The identifier tags have no intrinsic meaning, as a classification code does. They are content labels, each being unique and without duplicates. The identifiers are stored in a directory that allows the lookup of the current
Internet address of the copyright owner and
where the information now resides. The author, publisher or current owner is responsible
for maintaining the response page, which presents data about the information item and the
conditions of its use.
The directory of DOIs routes inquiries to
the up-to-date sites on the Internet for accessing the content of the object. When addresses change, the directory will route the
query to where the content is currently located
or to where information is given concerning
how to obtain it. Over time, when objects move
around or change ownership, the directory
keeps tabs on these changes.
Although the major purpose of the DOI system is the management of intellectual property, indexing and abstracting services, as well
as document delivery services will find DOIs a
useful tool.
1. What are DOIs?
(A) DOIs are numbers which identify object in traditional environment.
(B) DOIs are identifiers consisting of alphanumeric character strings for
printed materials.
(C) DOIs are alphanumeric character
strings for electronic serials.
(D) DOIs are alphanumeric character
strings for electronic sources of information available on-line.
2. What are the materials covered by DOIs ?
(A) DOIs cover books and journals.
(B) DOIs cover texts, images, audio visual materials in digital form.
(C) DOIs cover electronically available
S & T information.
(D) DOIs cover digital format in US and
Europe only.
3. Do DOIs play any role in grouping of information sources?
(A) DOIs constitute the eclassification
scheme to group sources of information.
(B) DOIs are not class numbers as such
and have nothing to do with arrangement.
(C) DOIs play the dual role of identifying and grouping.
(D) DOIs are only like traditional class
numbers in e-form.
4. What is the major purpose of DOI system ?
(A) To organise e-resources on the Net.
(B) To manage intellectual property.
(C) To provide bibliographic description
of digitized resources.
(D) To control free access to eresources
5. How does DOI system operate?
(A) Routes inquiries to designated Document Supply Libraries.
(B) Routes inquires to up to date sites
of digital libraries.
(C) Routes inquiries to national e-resources depositories.
(D) Routes inquiries to relevant sites on
the Net.
3. Information is a resource whose generation consumes time and money and
whose use conserves time and money.
The industrial environment in India is
making a quantum jump in the field of
technology absorption and innovation.
New companies, both in the public and
private sector, have been started in the
past two years and most of the monopoly
business is coming to an end. In other
words, the industrial environment is
becoming more and more competitive.
Information is one of the major resources which will help the company
win a competitive edge. Electronics industry is both an important and competitive industry. It has grown 514%
from 1970, with an average growth rate
of 15% per annum. It is hoped that by
1990 the computer industry would be a
Rs. 665 crore sector. There are more
than 100 companies in India now manufacturing computers. The survival in
this industry by a company largely depends on its openness to adopt new technologies, introduce state-of-the art
products, new marketing strategies etc.
For this the company needs information on the technology, environment
and competition. The types of information generally sought by a company include economic information, legal information, information on personnel relations, public relations, technology
trends, market trends etc.
1. Industrial environment in India is making a quantum jump because
(A) Information is a resource whose
generation consumes time
(B) Information is a resource whose
generation is money
(C) Information is a resource that consumes money and time
(D) Information absorptions and innovation in the field of the technology
2.Monopoly in business is coming to an
end because of a
(A) Information
(B) Money flow
(C) Competitiveness
(D) Lack of information
3. Information is a major resource which
(A) helps company to lose money
(B) helps company to achieve popularity
(C) helps company to have an edge in
competition
(D) helps company to gain better manpower
4. Electronics industry is both an important and competent industry as it
(A) is growing at the rate of 15%
(B) is growing at the rate of 500%
(C) is growing at the rate of 14%
(D) is not growing at all
5. The types of information usually sought
by companies are
(A) economic and legal information
(B) information on personnel relation
(C) information on technology and market trends
(D) all the above
4. To meet the challenge of change, much
thought is currently being given to information studies, curricula and the requirement of a more broad-based education for the information scientist of
the present. A developing country like
India cannot afford to neglect these
aspects of manpower training which is
crucial to the success of development
efforts. In the context of proliferation
of literature, the information professional can hardly keep track of the information requirements of his clientele,
unless he is well versed in modern information handling methods. Manpower
for our libraries and information centres is presently drawn from library
schools run by the universities and two
specialised information science
programmes offered by the DRTC and
NISCAIR. Certain studies have revealed
that “professionals trained by special
institutes are far better in the information fields than their colleagues, the
products of the University Departments.” It is pertinent at this point to
design and formulate curricula in respect of the various levels of training
to be imparted. Any consideration of the
system of training to be meted out has
to be at par with the present set up,
function and purpose of the existing information centres.
1. Now a days much thought is given for
(A) Curriculum requirements
(B) Broad based education
(C) Information scientists
(D) All the above
2. India cannot afford to neglect the aspects of manpower training because
(A) of proliferation of library schools
(B) of in-sufficient provision of library
schools
(C) they are crucial to the success of
development
(D) they are not crucial for the success
of development
3. Specialized information science education institutes produce better professionals as
(A) library schools fail to produce good
professionals
(B) library schools are unable to meet
the demands of the society
(C) they have better curricula and infrastructure
(D) they do not have good curricula
4. LIS education is now pertinent to
(A) design curricula
(C) have status quo in curricula
(B) follow existing curricula
(D) reduce the curricula
5. Training for librarianship must be at par
(A) with the old set up
(B) with the future set up
(C) with the present set up
(D) with the previous set up
5. Digital devices measure and display discrete quantities. Most clocks, for example are analog in nature and have
hands that sweep along a continuous
scale as do the needles on speedometers Digital clocks, however, display
discrete numbers standing for the time.
The numbers are either there or they
are not, and they click into position virtually instantaneously. In fact, speed
and accuracy are distinguishing features of most digital devices, because
analog equipment comes in a poor second on both counts. A valid comparison can be made between slide rules,
which are analog, and pocket calculators, which are digital.
Accepts information in a unitary form,
i.e., letters, symbols and numbers.
These may represent anything the computer user wishes. All calculations and
processing of the incoming data are done
on the digital computer. Thus, all the
mathematical rules and functions may
be applied and the results are printed
out in conventional letters, symbols or numbers. Thus, these are general purpose computers suitable for information
processing in general.
“Hybrid” computers have been developed
to take advantage of the strength of both
analog and digital devices. Typically, analog computers will measure physical
quantities such as temperature or pressure and then relay the data to digital
computers, which, because of their
greater speed and accuracy, can perform
statistical computations on the data easily. The output is then displayed in a
convenient form for the human beings
responsible for conducting or monitoring the operation in question.
Because of their unique capabilities for
symbol manipulation, digital computers
loom for more important in applied information science than the other types,
and it is to them that we shall be referring when we speak of computers from
now on.
1. The distinguishing features of digital devices are :
(i) Speed (ii) Accuracy
(iii) Timeliness (iv) Easy to Carry
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (ii) and (iv)
(C) (iv), (iii) and (i) (D) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
2. Digital clocks are analog in nature because
(A) they have two hands
(B) their hands sweep along on a continuous scale
(C) they show time
(D) display discrete numbers standing
for time
3. Hybrid computers are developed to take
advantage of
(A) strength of analog devices
(B) strength of digital devices
(C) strength of both analog and digital
devices
(D) strength of none of the above
4. Analog computers measure physical
quantities because of
(A) the temperature and accuracy
(B) their greater speed and accuracy
(C) the human beings
(D) the complexities in operations
5. Digital computers assume more importance in applied information science
becauseof
(A) the lack of capabilities for symbol
manipulation
(B) the capabilities for symbol
manipulation
(C) the capabilities for digital
manipulation
(D) the lack of capabilities for digital
manipulation
6. To survive, thrive and beat the competition in today’s brutally competitive
world, one has to manage the future.
Managing the future means managing
the information. In order to manage the
information, in order to deliver high
quality information to the decision
makers at the right time, in order to
automate the process of data collection,
collation and refinement, organizations
have to make Information Technology
(IT) an ally, harness its full potential
and use it in the best way possible.
We have seen that in today’s competitive business environment, the key resource of every organization is information. If the organization does not have
an efficient and effective mechanism
that enables it to give the decision-makers the right information at the right time,
then the chances of that organization
succeeding in the next millennium are
very remote.
The three fundamental characteristics of
information are accuracy, relevancy and
timeliness. The information has to be accurate, it must be relevant for the decision-maker and it must be available to
the decision-maker when he needs it. Any
organization that has the mechanism to
collect, collate, analyse and present high
quality information to its employees,
‘thus enabling them to make better decisions, will always be one step ahead of
the competition. Today, the time available for an organization to react to the
changing market trends is very short. To survive, the organization must always be
on its toes, gathering and analysing the
data-both internal and external. Any
mechanism that will automate this information gathering and analysis process
will enhance the chances of the organization to beat the competition.
1. Which factors force organisation to use
IT to harness information?
(A) Explosion of sources of information
(B) Availability of latest information on
real time basis
(C) Time, volume and complex nature
of information on real time basis
(D) Information needs of users are inter-disciplinary in nature
2. Major obstacle in taking accurate futuristic decisions is
(A) availability of more information
(B) cut-throat competition
(C) Everchanging socio-economic and
political situations
(D) Globalisation
3. Which is the most appropriate tool to
make better use of information?
(A) Well qualified and experienced information professional
(B) Depth classification and indexing
(C) Experts in domain knowledge
(D) Information technology
4. What is the critical characteristic of information delivery system for making its
use effective?
(A) Efficient channels of communication system
(B) Ability to develop appropriate information products
(C) Right information, delivered at right
time
(D) Developing quality photocopying and
fax facility
5. What is the crucial decision for an organization to take to beat the competition?
(A) To create a mechanism to access,
organise and process information
within an organisation
(B) To establish a separate department
for acquiring and processing information (C) To strengthen the libraries already
existing in the organisation
(D) To collaborate with university and
national and international information systems.
7.
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