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Institutions of Higher Learning and Education in Ancient India
Philosophy of life in Ancient India
Fundamentals of Ancient Indian Education
The four Vedas
Evaluation of Education in the Rigveda
The Curriculum of Vedic Education
Method of Teaching
Main Characteristic of Vedic Education
Conclusion
Education during the later vedic Age
Aim of Education
Curriculum
Method of Instruction
Important place of Teacher
Duties of students and Teachers
Forms of Educational Institutions
Institutions of Higher Learning and Education in Ancient India
Introduction
• Molded and shaped by religion.
• Based on dharam (religion, virtue or duty)
•Two medium of teaching oral/written.
• Wide approach, multi dimensional progress
of all mankind.
• Based on principles of love, honorable
conduct and good behavior.
• Self realization and mukti.
•Two aspects of life and death.
• Provide a vision for perspective and
proportion, material and the moral, the
physical and spiritual, the perishable
and permanent, interests and values of
life are clearly defined and strictly
differentiated.
• Education must aid in self fulfillment,
and not in the acquisition of mere
objective knowledge.
Philosophy of life in Ancient India
The doctrine of action (Karma) accupies a
very signification place in the Indian
system of life and of education.
The ancient Aryan culture of India lays
the greatest emphasis on plain living and
high thinking as the moral basis of
education for self development.
The individual has been bidden necessarily
to gain both kinds of knowledge, materialistic
and spiritual.
All fields of vidra on knowledge were thus
divided into two broad streams the
paravidya (the higher knowledge, the spiritual
wisdom) and the apararidya (the lower
knowledge, the secular sciences).
The latter is needed to live a comfortable
life here. The former helps one to be fully
prepared for the hereafter.
The Indian system of education caters
to both physical and spiritual solitariness.
Fundamentals of Ancient Indian Education
• Knowledge related to life.
• Close association between teacher and student
resulted in all round development.
• Development in social work.
• Vocational training.
The four Vedas
The vedas regarded as the oldest among the
literatures of the world, are the original
sources of the philosophy life in ancient
India.
The upanishads, the smritis and the
puranas, all acknowledge the superiority
of vedas.
The basis of Indian culture lies in the
vedas, which are four in number Rigveda,
Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.
The Rigveda is established as the earliest
work not merely of the Hindus, but of all
Indo European languages and humanity.
Following Rigveda, come into existence the
three samhitas of sama, yayuh and
Atharva in close succession.
Evaluation of Education in the Rigveda
The Rigveda, in the form in which we have
it now, is a compilation out of old
material, a collection and selection of
1,017 hymns out of the vast
literature of hymns.
The system of education, which evolved in
the Rigveda concerns itself with the
acquisition of the supreme knowledge,
religion and Brahma. The aim of the veda
was the knowledge of the ultimate truth
and the realization of the supreme.
The Curriculum of Vedic Education
The students started the recitation of
the vedic hymns in early hours of morning.
The chanting of Mantras had been evolved
into the form of a fine art.
Special attention was paid to the correct
pronunciation of words, pada or even
letters.
Only that knowledge, which was received
from the lips of the teacher was regarded
as purely vedic. Thus, the teaching was oral.
Various subjects were incorporated in the
curriculum of vedic education. Grammar,
rhetoric, astrology, logic, Nirukti (etymological
Interpretation of words) was the main
subjects. Vedang was the synonym of all
these subjects taken together the performance
of sacrifice, Correct pronunciation,
knowledge of prosody, etymology, grammar,
and jyotishi or the science of calender.
The study of logic occupied a special place,
because knowledge of any other subject
was tested on its basis. Debates and
discussions were organized for training
in logic.
Though the Rigvedic education, being
essentially religious and philosophical in
character was imparted only to those who
were fit to make quest of eternal truth
and acquire supreme knowledge, yet there
was arrangement for secular education
and vocational training for the masses.
The people would receive training in
diverse arts and crafts for material
gain. Agriculture, horticulture and animal
husbandry attained to a high norm of
progress. Thus, we can safely conclude that
secular, social and practical form of
education was in existence during the
Rigvedic era.
Method of Teaching
Two methods of teaching were being practiced
during the vedic period.
The first method was oral and the second
was based on chintan i.e. thinking.
Education was reduced to the three simple
processes of sravana, Manana and
niddhyasuna.
Sravana was listening to the truths as they
fell from the lips of the teacher. Knowledge
was technically called sruti or what the ear
heard and not what was seen in writing.
The second process of knowledge called manana
implies that the pupil has to
think out for himself the meaning of
the lessons imported to him orally by
his teacher so that they may assimilate
fully. The third step known as niddhyasana
means complete comprehension by the pupil
of the truth that is taught so that he
may live the truth and not merely explain
it by word. Knowledge must result in
realization. Just as in modern day teachers
encourage intelligent students by guiding
them to make research, similarly in
ancient days Manana (reflection) was a
method especially for highly intelling
students.
Main Characteristic of Vedic Education
The admission was made by the formal
ceremony upanayana or initiation. In this
new home he had a second birth and was
called Dvijya or twice born.
The pupil was eligible to admission to the
preceptor's houses only on the basis of his
moral fitness and unimpeachable conduct.
The pupil was eligible to admission to the
preceptor's house only on the basis of his
moral fitness and unimpeachable conduct.
The discipline of brahmacharya or celibacy
was compulsory. Though a married youth
was entitled to get education, yet the
was denied the right of being the residential
pupil.
It was one of the sacred duties of the pupil
to serve his preceptor. He pledged devotion
to him in thought, speech and deed and
worshipped him as his own father or God.
Brahman-Sangh was an organization where
meritorious students were given chances
to fulfill their quest of higher knowledge.
These sanghs may be compared to the
seminars of the modern times.
Here was equality between the gender in
the filed of knowledge. The Rigveda
mentions women Rais called Brahmanavadinis.
Princes and other leading Kshatriyas were
trained in all the manifold sciences to
make them fit for government. Most boys
of the lower orders learnt their trades
from this fathers.
Some cities became renowned because of their
teachers. Chief among them were varanasi,
Taxila from the day of Buddha and Kanchi
in the beginning of the christian era.
Varanasi was famous for its religious teachers.
Taxila was known for its secular studies.
Among the famous men connected with
Taxila was panini, the grammarian of the
f
ifth or fourth century B.C.: Kautilya, the
Brahmin minister of chandra gupto Maurya
and Charaka one of the two leading
authorities of Indian medical sciences.
There were also universities like Taxila and
ujjain for medicine and learning including
mathematics and astronomy respectively. In the south kanchi became an important
center of learning.
In the Rigvedic Period occupations were not
dependent on varna system.
This age is exemplary for its economic,
political and religious progress and famous
for various arts and crafts, agriculture,
commerce and trade. It thus, leads to the
inevitable inference, that the period, must
have evolved an elaborate system of
vocational, scientific and commercial education.
Conclusion
Thus, the ideal of the vedic education was
lofty. Ample opportunities were provided
to the pupil for the development of his
personality. The perception took personal
care of the pupils, which resulted
inevitably in a multi-dimensional
development. The educational system of
vedic period achieved a pronounced success
in connection with character formation,
development of personality and contribution
to knowledge in all branches of learning
as well as social well being and material
prosperity.
The vedic education was essentially
spiritual and religious in character, yet
it did not ignore the material aspect,
the evidence where of its available in the
yujurveda and the Atharvaveda. Thus
it point unmistakably to the future
evolution of aryan culture.
Education during the later vedic Age
The philosophers now meditated upon self-realization.
Their mystical experiences manifested themselves
through the scriptures known as Brahmanas
and Aranyakas.
into being.
The Upanishads were next to emerge into being.
The Upanishad over that whatever good is.
done with full knowledge and awarenesss
becomes forceful and fruitful in life.
The vedanta, an important trend in
philosophical thought.
The spread and propagation of the post-vedic
education was influenced diverse institution
known as sakhas, charanas, parishads, kulas
and Gotras - an improvement on the oral
tradition of the vedic literature.
Aim of Education
The basic aim of education during the later
vedic period has been the same as during
the vedic age the salvation of the soul,
but the method of attaining this goal has
been different between the two periods.
During the vedic period the student used to
attain the objective of education through
penance while living with Acharya as
member of his family. During the post
vedic period, yajna replaced the penance
and a number of procedures were prescribed
for the same. Only that education was
regarded true, which helped one to realize
this supreme trueth.
Curriculum
During the post-vedic period various types of
literatures were produced pertaining to
different vedas.
In addition to religious subject, many worldly
subjects were also included in the curriculum.
The curriculum consisted of vedas, history,
puranas, grammer, mathematics, brahma
vidya, Nirukti, astronomy, dance, music, etc.
Education was not regarded as an end in itself,
it was fundamentally related to life.
Its aim was the attainment of brahmavarchasa
i.e. knowledge of the absolute.
The performance of sacrifice and other
ritualistic operations were directed to the
same end, but special emphasis was laid
on the study of the scriptures, technically
known as savadhyaya or self-study.
Method of Instruction
Hearing, thinking and meditation were the
three principal psychological methods of
instruction during the post-vedic period.
Also question answer system was followed
in the upanishad literature, through this
difficult and abstract ideas were made
simple.
Important place of Teacher
Teacher (Guru) enjoyed a predominant place
not only is his.
Gurukul but also in the entire society. He
was regarded as a great guide for all.
The teacher was expected to be in possession
of the essential qualities viz. profundity of
education, clairvoyant vision and intellectual
regeneration.
The duration of education was twelve years.
Duties of students and Teachers
Students had to beg alms for the support of
the guru and himself.
This tradition was carried out by all, be he
poor or rich.
Along with the external duties study was the
main duty of the pupil. The study of vedas
would initiate their education.
At the completion of their educational period,
the teachers would deliver convocational
address to the students, which sought to
remind them of the duties in practical
life they stood at the threshold of. This
was the samavartana ceremony.
It was traditional knowledge to pupils through
a succession of teachers, which came to be
known as guru parampara. The life of the
teacher served as a model for the pupils
to follow and imitate.
Forms of Educational Institutions
Broadly there existed three types of institution
namely Gurukulas, Parishads (Academies) and
Sammelans (Conferences) in that age.
According to sacred texts, the training of
the brahmin pupil took place at the home of
a brahmin teacher.
The first lesson that was taught to the student
was the performance of sandhya
and also reciting of gayatri.
The family functioned as a domestic
school, an ashram or a hermitage where
the mental faculties of the pupils were
developed by the teacher constant attention
and personal instruction.
Besides these regular schools of instructions,
there were special. Institution for the
promotion of advance study and Research.
These are called in the Rig Veda as Brahmana-Sangha.
These Academics were called parisads there
is a reference to the panchala parisad in
the Upanishads, in whose proceeding even
kings participated.
These academics were the main forums where
students belonging to higher order of learning
gathered and quenched their insatiable
thirst for knowledge through discussions and
discourses.
During the vedic period one could choose a
particular profession as he liked and
accordingly his varna was determined. But during
the later vedic period varna came to be
determined by birth. Consequently the
whole society was divided into four varna
brahman, kshatriya, vaishya and shudra.
The kshatriyas was limited only to defense,
protect of people and administration. Military
training was thus important for the princes.
Vaishyas, agriculture and animal husbandry
and trade was their chief occupation and
as such they were given technical education of
agriculture, animal husbandry and trade.
Knowledge of various languages, rates of wages,
rules applicable to purchase and sale of
commodities, the study of arithmetic,
general geography as well as economic and
commercial geography, science of agriculture
and business method was extremely
essential.
There was no provision of higher education
for the shudras. To serve was their occupation.
Nonetheless their education resembled more
or less that of Vaishyas. They learnt devajana
Vidya, which according to shamkara, included
dancing, vocal music, orchestral music and
dyeing of clothes. No established technical
institutions were in existence for the sake
of imparting technical education, but their
knowledge was transferred from generation
to generation as heritage.
Conclusion
Thus, the Aryan's had established and
recognized the superiority of varna system.
In addition to these, there were prevelent
certain arts and sciences which could be
regarded as non-paralled in the history
that period.
Notes :
Question :
1. The main governing body at the tertiary level of education in India is
a. NCERT c. AICTE
b. CBSE d. UGC
Ans:
2. The Government established the University Grants Com mission by an act of Parliament in the year
a. 1980 c. 1950
b. 1948 d. 1956
Ans:
3. The tertiary education includes
a. Primary and secondary education b. Higher education
c. Vocational education and training d. Both (b) and (c)
Ans:
4. Which of the following is the regulator of higher education?
a. NCERT c. UGC
b. AICTE d. MHRD
Ans:
5. The idea of Four Pillars of Education was suggested by
a. UNICEF c. NCTE
b. UGC d. UNESCO
Ans:
6. The name of the plan to increase enrolment in the higher education institutions is
a. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) b. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above
Ans:
7. Which of the following agency put forward the concept of proactive university?
a. UNDP c. AICTE
b. UNESCO d. UGC
Ans:
8. 'Destiny of India is being shaped in her classroom'. This is stated in
a. National Policy on Education (1986)
b. National Knowledge Commission (2005)
c. Education Commission (1964-66)
d. University Education Commission (1948-49)
Ans:
9. CHEER stands for
a. Children Enrichment Education through Radio
b. Child health education electronic recording
c. Children for Engineers and Energy Requirement
d. None of the above
Ans:
10. Educational TV was first introduced in India in the year
a. 1961 c. 1968
b. 1959 d. 1965
Ans:
11. Which of the following agencies or organizations was constitutionally assigned the task of coordination and
determination of standards of institutions in higher education?
a. UGC b. Concerned state governments
c. Union government d. None of the above
Ans:
12. Which of the following documents is termed as the Magna Carta of English education in India?
a. Charles Wood's dispatch b. Macaulay minutes
c. Mountstuart Elphinstone's minutes d. Wardha system
Ans:
13. In which of the following years, Presidency Universities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras were set up
following the recommendations of Woods' dispatch?
a. 1854 c. 1858
b. 1857 d. 1861
Ans:
14. The University of Allahabad was founded in the year
a. 1887 c. 1905
b. 1901 d. 1911
Ans:
15. Which of the following institution was set up in 1945 to look after the functioning of three Central Universities
of Aligarh, Banaras and Delhi?
a. University Grants Commission b. University Grants Committee
c. Inter University Board d. Association of Indian Universities
Ans:
16. The report of central advisory board of education on post war educational development in India is also
termed as
a. Sargent report c. Wardha report
b. Nehru report d. None of the above
Ans:
17. Which section of the UGC Act provides for the promotion and coordination of university education and for the
maintenance of standards of teaching, examination, and research?
a. Section 12 c. Section 25
b. Section 15 d. Section 28
Ans:
18. It is said that the present higher education system has its origin in Mountstuart Elphinstone's minutes, which
stressed upon the need for establishing schools for teaching English and European sciences. This reported was
presented in the year
a. 1823 c. 1858
b. 1835 d. 1861
Ans:
19. Inter University Board was set up in 1925 to promote university activities, by sharing information and
cooperation in the field of education, culture, sports and allied areas. Now, it is known as
a. Association of Indian Universities b. Central Advisory Board of Education
c. Central Board of Secondary Education d. None of the above
Ans:
20. Which of the following is known as Calcutta University Commission?
a. Saddler Commission b. Kothari Commission
c. Hunter Commission d. Wood Dispatch
Ans:
21. Which of the following is regarded as the first policy measure regarding higher education in India?
a. Wood's dispatch b. Macaulay's minutes
c. Elphinstone report d. None of the above
Ans:
22. Which of the following is a precursor to 10 + 2 + 3?
a. Saddler commission b. Wood dispatch
c. Kothari commission d. None of the above
Ans:
23. Which of the following commissions recommended setting up UGC and is also known as the University
Education Commission?
a. Radhakrishnan commission b. Mudaliar commission
c. Wardha commission d. Kothari commission
Ans:
24. Which of the following commission's report is titled as education and national development report?
a. Radhakrishnan commission b. Kothari commission
c. Mudaliar commission report d. None of the above
Ans:
25. National committee on 10 + 2 + 3 education structure set up in 1972 was headed by
a. Dr P. D. Shukla b. Dr D. S. Kothari
c. Dr Radhakrishnan d. None of the above
Ans:
26. The following commissions were set up by the government or its agencies after independence. Arrange the
following in a chronological order (in terms of their occurrence).
I University Education Commission
II Secondary Education Commission
III Education Commission
Codes:
a. III, II and I
b. II, I and III
c. I, II and III
d. I, III and II
Ans:
27. Which of the following committees recommended the spending of *500 crores to be spent on research in basic
sciences every year by UGC every year?
a. M. M. Sharma committee b. Kakodkar committee
c. Prof. Yashpal committee d. None of the above
Ans:
28. The committee set up by the Ministry of Human Resource Development which recommended autonomy of
IITs was headed by
a. Prof. Anil Kakodkar c. Sam Pitroda
b. Prof. Yashpal d. None of the above
Ans:
29. National knowledge commission (NKC) was headed by
a. Prof. Anil Kakodkar c. Sam Pitroda
b. Prof. Yashpal d. None of the above
Ans:
30. A committee was set up in 1990 to review NPE (1986). Its report titled as 'Towards an Enlightened and Humane
Society' stated that system of higher education encourages memorization of facts and regurgitation rather
than creativity. The head of the committee was
b. Prof. Yashpal d. None of the above
a. Acharya Ramamurti c. Prof. M. M. Joshi
Ans:
31. Which of the following committees recommended the setting up of National Commission for Higher Education
and Research (NCHER) for prescribed standards of academic quality and defining policies for advancement of
knowledge in higher educational institutions?
a. Sam Pitroda committee b. Prof. Yashpal committee
c. M. M. Sharma committee d. Gnanam committee
Ans:
32. Chairman of UGC committee appointed in 1969 for the purpose of administrative legislation of the universities
was
a. Dr D. S. Kothari c. Prof. Yashpal
b. Dr P. B. Gajendragadkar d. None of the above
Ans:
33. Which of the following personalities headed the committee recommended setting up of 1500 universities so as
to achieve the target gross enrolment of 30%?
a. Dr D. S. Kothari c. Prof. Yashpal
b. Sam Pitroda d. None of the above
Ans:
34. Which of the following percentage figures was recommended by both Kothari Commission and National Policy
that should be spent on education (1986)?
a. 4% of GDP c. 6% of GDP
b. 5% of GDP d. None of the above
Ans:
35. Which of the following states has the maximum number of central universities?
a. Uttar Pradesh c. Both (a) and (b)
b. Delhi d. None of the above
Ans:
36. Which of the following institution or organization publishes Universities Handbook?
a. University Grants Commission b. Association of Indian Universities
c. Inter University Centres d. Central Advisory Board of Education
Ans:
37. In which year was the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) originally set up?
a. 1925 c. 1953
b. 1945 d. None of the above
Ans:
38. Which of the following authorities is not empowered to bring a university into existence?
a. State government b. Central government
c. UGC d. None of the above
Ans:
39. How many universities were set up under Central Universities Act, 2009?
a. 12 c. 40
b. 16 d. 43
Ans:
40. Which among the following constitute the majority of institutions within the university system?
a. Central universities c. Deemed universities
b. State universities d. Private universities
Ans:
41. Which among the following constitute the majority of enrolments within the university system?
a. Central universities b. State universities
c. Deemed universities d. Private universities
Ans:
42. Universities having central campus for imparting education are called [June 2007]
c. Deemed universities tion are called a. Central universities
c. Residential universities d. Open universities
Ans:
43. Which of the following agencies provide funding to Indira Gandhi National Open University?
a. University Grants Commission b. Ministry of Human Resource Development
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above
Ans:
44. The university that telecasts interactive educational programmes through its own channel is [June 2007]
a. Dr B. R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad b. IGNOU
c. University of Pune d. Annamalai University
45. Which of the following pairs of authorities are at the top of hierarchy in the case of a Central University?
a. Visitors and Chancellor b. Visitors and Vice Chancellor
c. Chancellor and Vice Chancellor d. Vice President and Vice Chancellor
Ans:
46. The state with most universities is
a. Tamil Nadu c. Rajasthan
b. Andhra Pradesh d. Uttar Pradesh
Ans:
47. The state with most deemed universities is
a. Tamil Nadu c. Maharashtra
b. Andhra Pradesh d. Karnataka
Ans:
48. According to Times Higher Education's research findings to rank the world's higher educational institutions,
which of the following educational has top rank in India?
a. Delhi University, Delhi b. IIT-Mumbai
c. Panjab University, Chandigarh d. IIT-Delhi
Ans:
49. Institute of National Importance is an institution in higher education which serves as a pivotal player in
developing highly skilled personnel within the specified region of the country or state. This status can be
conferred upon them by
a. University Grants Commission b. An act of Parliament
c. All Indian Council for Technical Education d. All the above
Ans:
50. Commonwealth of learning (COL) is the only official Commonwealth agency located outside Britain. It is
located in
a. New Delhi, India c. Sydney, Australia
b. Vancouver, Canada d. Islamabad, Pakistan
Ans:
51. As envisaged in 12th Five Year Plan, under the concept of College Cluster Universities, a minimum number of
colleges in the vicinity of a city or district can establish a university. What is the minimum number of such
colleges?
b. 50 a. 25
c. 60 d. 100
Ans:
52. EHEI stands for
a. Equity in Higher Education Institutions b. Equity in Higher Education Index
c. Equality in Higher Education Index d. Equity in Hidden Education Income
Ans:
53. API stands for
a. Academic Parameter Indicator b. Academic Performance Indicator
c. Academic Paid Instalment d. None of the above
54. National literacy mission was established in
a. 1996 c. 1999
b. 1988 d. 2000
Ans:
55. The main aim of National Council for Teacher Education is
a. To open college of education. b. To promote research in education.
c. To maintain standards in colleges of education. d. To provide grant to colleges of education.
Ans:
56. National Council of Educational Research and Training was established in
a. 1961 c. 1963
b. 1962 d. 1964
Ans:
57. Which of the following organizations set up the National Assessment and Accreditation Council?
a. AICTE c. MHRD
b. UGC d. None of the above
Ans:
58. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is headquartered in
a. New Delhi c. Hyderabad
b. Mumbai d. Bengaluru
Ans:
59. NUEPA is mainly concerned with
a. Educational Supervision b. Educational Unity
c. Educational Planning d. Educational Evaluation
Ans:
60. The title of Yashpal Committee Report (1993) is
a. ICT in Teacher education b. Learning without burden
c. Learning through Broadcasting d. None of the above
Ans:
61. The number of representatives of Central Government in UGC is
a. 9 c. 6
b. 2 d. 3
Ans:
62. Which of the following agencies or institutions set up the Accreditation Board (AB)?
a. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
b. All India Council for Technical Education
c. University Grants Commission
d. Ministry of Human Resource Devel-opment
Ans:
63. The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) was set up in the year 1987 by
a. AICTE c. MHRD
b. UGC d. IGNOU
Ans:
64. In which of the following years "The National Policy of Education' was revised and a 'Programme of Action'
was also attached to it?
a. 1968 c. 1986
b. 1976 d. 1992
Ans:
65. Which of the following days is celebrated as National Education Day?
a. September 5 c. November 11
b. October 2 d. November 14
Ans:
66. The purpose of National Education Policy is
a. Universalization of primary education b. Vocationalization of education
c. To review the education d. To give equal opportunity of education to all
Ans:
67. According to Vision Paper of 12th Five Year Plan, the targeted staff strength (in terms of teacher-student ratio)
envisaged for science and technology in higher education is
a. 1:10 c. 1:20
b. 1:15 d. 1:30
Ans:
68. According to Vision Paper of 12th Five Year Plan, the targeted staff strength (in terms of teacher-student ratio)
envisaged for social sciences, humanities, management and arts subjects in higher education courses is
a. 1:10 b. 1:15
c. 1:20 d. 1:30
Ans:
69. In order to achieve the 12th Five Year Plan's Inclusive and Qualitative Expansion of Higher Education, the
number of proposed women universities is
a. 10 c. 20
b. 15 d. 30
Ans:
70. Apart from few short-term programmes, academic staff colleges set up for teachers' training basically offer
a. Subject-specific refresher courses b. General orientation programmes
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above
Ans:
71. Which of the following institutes is/are funded by central government?
a. National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Ranchi.
b. North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Itanagar.
c. Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab.
d. All the above
Ans:
72. The first Committee to be constituted after independence by the Government of India on Women's Education
was
a. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission b. The Mudaliar Commission
c. The Shri Sri Prakasa Committee d. Dr. Durgabai Deshmukh Committee
Ans:
73. Which article of the constitution provides for the rights of minorities to establish and administer the
institutions of their choice?
a. Article 21 (1) c. Article 32
b. Article 30 (1) d. None of the above
Ans:
74. In which of the following year National Commission for Minorities Educational Institutions (NCMI) was set up
a. 2001 c. 2004
b. 2003 d. 2005
Ans:
75. Which of the following is a specialized agency of UN to deal with copyright and other intellectual property
rights?
a. WIPO c. GATT
b. GATS d. None of the above
Ans:
76. The name of pilot project to provide education through massive satellite connectivity up to grass-root level is
a. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan b. Women Empowerment Project
c. Rajiv Gandhi Project d. None of the above
Ans:
77. Which of the following universities has been assigned the status of central university in 2013?
a. Panjab University b. Osmania University
c. Nalanda University d. Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
Ans:
78. The number of Central Universities in India is
a. 40 c. 42
b. 41 d. 46
Ans:
79. Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha is located in
a. Tirupati c. Hyderabad
b. Chennai d. Jaipur
Ans:
80. Which of the following languages was assigned the status of classical language in 2013?
a. Sanskrit c. Hindi
b. Tamil d. Malayalam
Ans:
81. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below. List-I. List-II
A. National Council of Rural Institutes. I New Delhi
B. Indian Council of Historical Research. II Hyderabad
C. Indian Council of Philosophical Research. III Shimla
D. Indian Institute of Advanced Study IV Bangalore
Codes:
a. A-II, B-IV, C-I, and D-III
b. A-II, B-IV, C-III, and D-I
c. A-II, B-III, C-IV, and D-I
d. A-II, B-I, C-IV, and D-III
Ans:
82. Which of the following project(s) is/are funded by external agencies?
a. Technical Programme Education Quality Improvement
b. Technician Education Project
c. Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila
d. All the above
Ans:
83. The South Asian University is located at
a. New Delhi c. Kathmandu
b. Jaipur d. Islamabad
Ans:
84. The Vikram Sarabhai Space Research Centre is located at
a. Thiruvananthapuram c. Pune
b. Sriharikota d. Bengaluru
85. Which one of the following Councils has been disbanded in 2013?
a. Distance Education Council (DEC)
b. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
c. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
d. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
Ans:
86. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology is located in
a. Hyderabad c. Bengaluru
b. Chennai d. Ahmedabad
Ans:
87. Which of the following days is celebrated as National Education Day?
a. September 5 c. November 11
b. October 2 d. November 14
Ans:
88. Which of the following regulatory bodies does not enjoy a statutory status as a professional body?
a. Bar Council of India b. All India Council for Technical Education
c. Medical Council of India d. None of the above
Ans:
89. Under which of the following constitutional amendments, education was transferred to the concurrent list?
a. 42nd c. 74th
b. 73rd d. None of the above
Ans:
90. UGC gets its funding from
a. Central government only b. State governments
c. Both central and state governments d. None of the above
Ans:
91. Which of the following universities in India has Prime Minister as its chancellor?
a. Indira Gandhi National Open University b. Visva-Bharti University
c. Indian Maritime University d. Indian Defence University
Ans:
92. Faculty Improvement Programme of UGC aims at
a. Appointment of additional faculty b. Make faculty research oriented
c. Improving physical infrastructure d. None of the above
Ans:
93. Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya is located at
a. New Delhi c. Porbandar
b. Jaipur d. Wardha
Ans:
94. CABE was set up in the year
a. 1925 b. 1857
c. 1956 d. 1992
Ans:
95. IGNOU was set up in the year
a. 1985 b. 1988
c. 1991 d. 1992
Ans:
96. The apex body for open and distance learning (ODL) system in the country is
a. DEC c. MHRD
b. IGNOU d. None of the above
Ans:
97. The ex-officio chairperson of Distance Education Council (DEC) is
a. Vice Chancellor, IGNOU b. HRD Minister
c. Either (a) or (b) d. None of the above
Ans:
98. The Ministry of Human Resource Development was created in the year
a. 1972 c. 1985
b. 1980 d. 1991
Ans:
99. Government has set a target to increase the gross enrolment ratio in higher education to 30% by the year
a. 2015 c. 2025
b. 2020 d. 2030
Ans:
100. Which of the following personalities was the first chairman of UGC?
a. Dr Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar b. Dr Manmohan Singh
c. Shri Humayun Kabir d. Shri C. D. Deshmukh
Ans:
101. The first open university in India was
a. Andhra Pradesh Open University b. Indira Gandhi National Open University
c. Delhi University d. None of the above
Ans:
102. The first university in India to start correspondence course was
a. Andhra Pradesh Open University b. IGNOU
c. Delhi University d. None of the above
Ans:
103. The rank of India in terms of enrolment in higher education institutions is
a. First c. Third
b. second d. Fourth
Ans:
104. The National Knowledge Commission, a high level advisory body to Prime Minister of India, with the objective
of transforming India into a knowledge society was set up in the year
a. 2005 c. 2007
b. 2006 d. 2008
Ans:
105. The concept of a countrywide network for higher education that would allow students the flexibility to design
their own curriculum and combine subjects of their choice is basically of
a. Innovation University c. Central University
b. Meta University d. Deemed university
Ans:
106. The concept of Meta University was first propounded by
a. Massachusetts Institute of Technology b. Jawaharlal Nehru University
c. Harvard Business School d. Delhi University
Ans:
107. The universities with NAAC 'A' Grade and 10 years of standing can get financial support from UGC for
innovative teaching or educational programmes; these universities are known as
a. Meta Universities b. Innovation Universities
c. Central Universities d. None of the above
Ans:
108. In which of the following countries, the Humboldtian Concept of University Education originated?
a. USA c. France
b. Poland d. Germany
Ans:
109. The major concept underlying distance education is
a. Continuing education b. Simplicity
c. Cost effectiveness d. Objectivity
Ans:
110. The course content of professional degree emphasizes on
a. Acquiring skills and practical analysis b. Theory and research
c. Building concepts d. None of the above
Ans:
111. The number of universities at the time of independence was
a. 15 b. 20
c. 28 d. 35
Ans:
112. Networking of libraries through electronic media is called [June 2007]
a. Inflibnet c. The Internet
b. Libinfnet d. HTML
Ans:
113. The first virtual university of India came up in [December 2013]
a. Andhra Pradesh b. Maharashtra
c. Uttar Pradesh d. Tamil Nadu
114. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List-I. List-II
(Institutions). (Locations)
A. Vikram Sarabhai Space Research Centre. I. Thiruvananthapuram
B. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. II. Hyderabad
C. Indian Space Research Organization III. Bengaluru
D. The Energy and Resources Institute. IV. New Delhi
Codes:
a. A-I, B-II, C-III and D-IV
b. A-I, B-III, C-II and D-IV
c. A-III, B-II, C-I and D-IV
d. A-III, B-I, C-II and D-IV
Ans:
115. In which year was the NBA set up?
a. 1991 c. 2001
b. 1994 d. 2005
Ans:
116. Aligarh Muslim University was set up in the year
a. 1857 c. 1905
b. 1875 d. 1916
Ans:
117. Who among the following was the first Education Minister of independent India?
a. Abul Kalam Azad b. S. Vallabhbhai Patel
c. S. Radhakrishnan d. None of the above
Ans:
118. There is a proposal to establish innovation universities aiming at world class standards. The proposed number
of such institutions is
a. 10 b. 14
c. 25 d. None of the above
Ans:
119. Which of the following satellite channel was launched on 26 January, 2003 for the spread of technical growth
and development of distance education in India?
a. Eklavya c. Gyan Darshan
b. Dronacharya d. Gyan Vani
Ans:
120. Which of the following institutions have been set up by the MHRD?
a. National Bal Bhawan, New Delhi b. ISRO
c. DRDO d. None of the above
Ans:
121. SITE means
a. Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
b. Satellite Informational Television Experiment
c. Satellite Instructional Telecom Experiment
d. Satellite Informational Telecom Experiment
Ans:
122. Name of the research station on Antarctic set up by India is
a. Dakshin Gangotri b. Dakshin Ganga
c. Dakshin Godawari d. None of the above
Ans:
123. The foundation training of selected IAS officers is conducted at
a. LBS National Academy of Public Administration, Mussoorie.
b. MG Institute of Public Administration, Chandigarh.
c. UPSC, New Delhi.
d. All state capitals
Ans:
124. The main objective of 'National Mission on Teachers and Training' is to improve
a. Students' enrolment b. Quality of teaching
c. Women education d. All the above
Ans:
125. PACER is the acronym for
a. Professionals Action Committee for Educational Reforms
b. Professionals Accreditation Committee for Educational Reforms
c. Professionals Action Committee for Educational Research
d. None of the above
Ans:
126. Mahila Samakhya was born out of the New Education Policy of 1986 which stressed the need for an
intervention to create gender equality through women's education. It was launched in the year
a. 1989 c. 1996
b. 1992 d. 1998
Ans:
127. Who was the chairman of University Education Commission set up in 1948?
a. Dr S. Radhakrishnan b. Dr D. S. Kothari
c. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad d. C. D. Deshmukh
Ans:
128. University Education Commission recommended the setting up of UGC on the lines of University Grants
Commission of
a. USA c. Germany
b. Great Britain d. USSR
Ans:
129. Which of the following agency or institution proposed introduction of India Education Index (IEI) for ranking
institutes based on academic, research, performance, and other parameters?
a. AICTE c. UGC
b. NAAC d. IIT-Delhi
Ans:
130. The largest university in the world in terms of student enrolment is
a. Beijing University, Beijing, China.
b. Dr B. R. Ambedkar University Open University, Hyderabad.
c. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
d. None of the above
Ans:
131. The first inter university centre which was established by UGC in 1984 is
a. Inter University Accelerator Centre (Nuclear Science Centre)
b. Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astro Physics (IUCAA)
c. Inter University Accelerator Centre (formerly Nuclear Science Centre)
d None of the above
Ans:
132. Distance Education Council set up the Arjun Singh Centre for Distance and Open Learning in the year 2002 in
a. Jamia Millia Islamia University b. Delhi University
c. Jawaharlal Nehru University d. IGNOU
Ans:
133. Which of the following was the first private institution to be granted the status of a deemed university in
1976?
a. Manipal Academy of Higher Education b. Symbiosis Institute, Pune
c. Thapar University, Patiala d. Amity University, Noida
Ans:
134. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List-I. List-II
A. Chinmaya International Foundation. I Delhi
B. The Oriental Institute. II. Baroda
C Academy of Sanskrit Research. III Melkote (Karnataka)
D. Rashtriya Veda Vidya Pratishthan. IV. Ernakulum
Codes:
a. A-IV, B-II, C-III and D-I
b. A-II, B-IV, C-III and D-I
c. A-II, B-III, C-IV and D-I
d. A-II, B-I, C-IV and D-III
Ans:
135. Through which of the following constitutional amendments Article 21A was inserted in the constitution to
provide for free and compulsory education to all children of age group between 6 and 14 years as a
fundamental right?
a. 73rd b. 74th
c. 86th d. None of the above
Ans:
136. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List-i. List-II
(Institutions). (Locations)
A. National Law Institute. I. Shimla
B. Indian Institute of Advanced Studies. II. Bhopal
C. National Judicial Academy. III Hyderabad
D. National Savings Institute. IV. Nagpur
Codes:
a. A-III, B-II, C-IV and D-I
b. A-I, B-II, C-III and D-IV
c. A-IV, B-III, C-I and D-II
d. A-III, B-I, C-II and D-IV
Ans:
137. Indian Institute of Mass Communication is located in
a. Ahmedabad c. Hyderabad
b. New Delhi d. Jaipur
Ans:
138. Indian National Defence University (INDU), India's first defence university, was inaugurated on May 2013 is
proposed to be located at
a. Rohtak c. Hyderabad
b. Pune d. Gurgaon
Ans:
139.
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