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 Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia Video,             Conferencing, Virtual Reality, Augmented              Technologies                                                             

 • Are links among textual items formed by words set in underlined bule type. When you click on it, it takes you to another referent. 

 • Hypertext are useful for checking out new sources while reading a text. 

 • Hypertexts direct links to related texts. imagers on another data. 

 • Hypertext is also called hyperlink or simply link. 

  History                                                                                                 

 • Memex - Vannevar Bush, 1945. Concept of linked documents : Photo mechenical realisation never implemented. 

• Xanadu - Ted Nelson late 1960 or words.- Hypertext defined, intended as global  system but no real popular implementation. 

 • Hypercard - Apple 1987.- Shipped with every Mac : Popularized concept 

 • World wide wed - 1993 

 Hypermedia                                                                                          

 • Refers to similar links to those used in the hypertext but instead or simply linking text to text, it involves linking sound and photographs, video, animation 

 • It gathers hypertext and multimedia. 

 • As hypertext, hypermedia has lots of advantagers for learners. 

 Multimedia Video Conferencing                                                         

 Multimedia 

• Multimedia tends to feature serveral media types such as text, images, sound, video and images. 

 • Texts are used to send information to the user. 

 • Images : are important for multimedia  projects, it makers the presentation complex and complete. 

 Video conferencing 

 The video conferencing is a conference between two or more people sitting at various remote location around the world. They can talk to each other when they are connected to each other using internet. Thus, they are able to transmet both the video and audio (sound) data. 

 Video conferencing (or video conference) means to conduct a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data. 

 Multipoint videoconferencing allows three or more participants to sit in a virtual conference room and communication as if they were sitting right next to each other. 

 Components of Video Conference 

 Video conferencing has three essential components. 

 1. The Hardware. 

 2. The intervening network that carries the signals between sites. 

 3. The conference environment on roon. 

 The Hardware 

Basic equipment needed for a video conference  session include a camera, microphone,  a video conferencing unit, display  unit and audio system. The Video conferencing unit usually referred as the codec (coder/decoder) accepts the vision and sound signals (video and audio) and processes them into a suitable format for transmission throught the network to the remote site. 

 The Network 

 • Video conferencing technology works across internet protocol (IP) networks and integrated system digital network (ISDN) 

 • Through these vast network videoconferencing has the capabilities for connectivity to world wide audiences. 

 The Conference Environment 

 • Lighting is an easy way to improve picture quality. If the room is not specially built or equipped for video conferencing. It is probable that there are not enough lights to provide the optimum quality for the video conference camera. 

 Benefits/Advantages  of Video Conferencing 

 1. Sharing of presentations. 

 2. It allows immediate, full two way communication of content; verbal, pictorial objects etc. 

 3. Greater access to experts / specialists (nationally and internationally) 

 4. More productive use of time (eliminates  wasted travel time) and significant travel cost savings. 

 5. Reduced environmental impact through less travel and reduced pressure, stress and fatigue from travel. 

6. Facilitating short notice meetings betaleen individual in distant locations thus decisions can be made more quickly. 

 7. Increased meeting attendance by participants who would otherwise be unable to join in. 

 8. Greater accessibility and allows geographical reach event to rural or remote locations. 

 9. A conference session can be saved for future reference e.g. class notes can be saved and distributed via network for references by students. 

 Disadvantages of Video Conferencing 

 1. It may lead to lazinesss with some student as they can have their classes while at home thus lacking self discipline. 

 2. Lack of interpersonal relationship between students and teachers or between students themselves. 

 3. The technology may degrade the received  images and sound. Body language  can lost if image movement is jerkly. There can be a delay on the sound too. 

 4. the atmosphere of a face to face meeting  lost. 

 5. For meetings, video conferences are more effective if the participants. already know each other.  

6. The security may be compromised as one can hack into a private VC session. 

 Application of Video Conferencing 

1. Teaching 

 2. Meetings 

 3. Data Sharing  

4. Interviews 

 5. Telemedicine 

 6. Legal work  

  Virtual Reality                                                                                     

 It is difficult to specify concepts that are part of virtual Reality systems by themselve, virtual environments are completely moldable. However, in my opinion, the concept  that one en-counters and uses in virtual environments are often closely related to the ones that we find in-real world. 

 In 'the Ecological Approach to visual perception' - James J. Gibson present useful concepts that are perceivable in the real world (Gibson 1979). These concepts include : terrain features (paths, obstacles, barriers, steps, slope), shelters, water, fire, objects, tools, other animals, human display representations (pictures, texts etc.) It does not fit within the scope of this thesis to validated this classification, nor to discuss the philosophical issues on existence and classification. 

 The synthetic modality of virtual Reality interfaces is almost the same as the familiar graphical desktop. They both use a natural, vat syntactic dialogue called disiect manipulation. (Real go to digital)

  Augmented Technologies ( digital go to real)                                    

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