My ContentBarcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric, Smart Card; Features and ApplicationWhat is Barcode ?History of BarcodeType of Barcode Linear or one dimensional
Matrix or Two dimensional Advantages DisadvantageRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Components of RFID Tages Reader Antenna Server Smart Gate Handheld Reader AdvantagesQR CodeBiometric Biometric includes (Type of biometrics) What is Biometrics Why Biometric Advantages of biometrics Disadvantages of BiometricsSmart cardWhy are there card's "Smart"How Smart cards are madeHow the Smart card works Types of Smart Cards Contact Smart Cards Contactless Smart Cards Hybrid Cards Classification Based on Configuration
Matrix or Two dimensional
Barcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric, Smart Card; Features and Application
What is Barcode ?
It consist of bars and space is machine readable representation of numerical and character. It is an electronic device for reading printed barcode.
Barcode reader is also called as Barcode scanner. It is set of line of different thickness that represent number barcode reader has used input data from barcodes. It device used for reading bar coded data in form of light and dark line. It scan bar code image, convert it into alphanumeric value which is fed to computer that barcode reader is connected.
It may be handheld scanner or may be embedded in stationary scanner. Barcode code work by shinning beam of light on line that make up the barcode and detecting amount of light i. e. reflected back. Barcode is method of representation data in visual, machine readable form. Initially barcode represented data by varying the width and spacing of parallel line.
History of Barcode
Barcode was invented by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard silver and patented in 1951. Invention is based on Morse code that was extended to thin and thick bar. Barcode become commercially successful when they were used to automate supermarket checkout system task for which they have become most universal. Uniform grocery product code council has chosen in 1973, barcode design develop by George Laurer.
Laurer's barcode with vortical bar printed better than circular barcode develop by woodland and silver. First scanning Universal Product code (UPC) barcode was on pack of wrongly company chewing gum in Jun 1974 at Marsh supermarket in Troy, ohio.
Sim supermarket were f irst location Australia to use barcode in 1979, on 20 oct 1949 woodland and Silver filed patent application for 'classifying Apparatus and method' in which describe both linear and Bull's eye printing pattern as well as mechanical and electronic system need to read code.
Type of Barcode :
i. Linear or one dimensional
ii. Matrix or Two dimensional
i. Linear or one dimensional
• It can be scanned by special optical scanner called barcode reader.
• It is made up of lime and space of various width that create specific pattern.
ii. Matrix or two dimensional
• It is similar to linear barcode but can represent more data per units area.
• Variant were developed using rectangle, dots, hexagon and other geometric pattern,
• It can read or de constructed using application software on mobile device with inbuilt camera such as smartphone.
Advantages
1. Process of data entry fast and Accurate.
2. Barcode can be printed by normal printing method.
3. No need to write down or key in name of item or it actual price.
Disadvantages
1. Barcode reader may misread a bar code if there is any dirt or mark on code
2. Only number can be coded.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Radio frequency identification is a generic term that is used to describe that transmits the identity of an objective of person wirelessly, using radio waves it is grouped under the broad category of automatic idendification.
RFID was introduced in the early 1980 for item tracking and access control applications. Tracking the material is done using rodio frequency based technology combined with microchip technology. RFID technology is being implemented in a number of industries. Supply chain in implementation is perhaps one of the most frequently mentioned applications of RFID tags and equipment. Retailers such as "Wall-Mart" and grocery stores such as "Albertson" have began to make it mandatory for their suppliers to tag merchandise destined for their stores.
Components of RFID
i. Tages :
The heart of the system is the RFID tag, which can be fixed inside the books back cover or directly onto CDs and videos. This tag is equipped with a programmable chip and antenna. Each paper thin tag contains an engraved antenna and a microchip with a capacity of at least 64 bits. There are three types of tags 'read only', 'worm and read/write'. RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during producing can be used to track its progress through the assembly line.
ii. Reader :
These components are available in various shapes and size and can be stalled within in library. These are radio frequency devices designed to direct and read tag to obtain the information stored thereon. The reader power the antenna to generate an RF fields when a tag passes through this RF fields, the information stored on the tag chip is decoded by the reader and sent to the PC or server which communicates to the library information system.
iii. Antenna :
Antenna are channels between tag and the reader. It produce radio signals to activate tage. Antenna can be built into an exit gate to receive signals from tags.
iv. Server :
It is communication gate way among the various components. It receives the information from one or more readers the exchanger information with the circulation Database. The server includes a relational database so that reports can e generated.
v. Smart Gate :
Security system are the non - glamorous work - horses that provide a visible deterrent and anti theft capabilities to libraries. We offer a range of options and our collection that support the latest in long rang RFID through to the more traditional Electro Magnetic (EM) technologies. All RFID products are supported by our smart gate manager software, which gives libraries instant information about items causing alerts and historic logs of old transactions.
vi. Handheld Reader :
The portable handheld reader or inventory wand can be moved along the items on the shelves without touching them. The data goes to a storage unit., which can be downloaded at a server later on, or it can go to a unit, which will transmit it to the server using wireless technology. The inventory wand will cover three requirements.
a. Screen the complete book collection on the shelves for inventory control.
b. Search for books, which are misshelved.
c. Search for individual book requested.
Advantages
i. It reduces the man power in library utilization in circulation System and other works.
ii. RFID Tags last longer than barcodes because nothing comes in to contact with them. These are not required to be scanned through some reader or recorder.
iii. Simplified self charging/discharging system unlike bar codes the RFID doesn't require direct line of sight making it easiest and fastest.
iv. High speed inventorying RFID system can scan book on the shelves without tipping them out or removing them. This saves the time of the staff.
v. Automated material handling library materials can be easily moved and categorised into separate bins or onto separate carts, This reduces the amount of staff time required to prepare materials for putting on the shelves.
vi. Theft detection - if any user want to run out of the library with any book without information, the library would at least know what has been stolen. If the machine that has not been properly charged is taken past the exit sensors, the alarm starts ringing.
vii. Rapid charging / Discharging - it reduce the time and to perform fast. The information can be read from RFID tags much faster than bar codes and that several items in a stock can be read at the same time.
QR Code
Quick Reponse Code, offen abbreviated as QR Code, is much similar to a barcode. In fact, it's a type of barcode. Like barcode, it also contains machine readable information concerning the item to which it is attached. But, unlike a regular barcode, a QR code is two-dimensional, i.e. it contains information both in vertical and horizontal directions.
QR codes contain a lot of information within them. From giant corporate organisation to next-door grocery store everyone can create their out QR code and attach them to their products. This, for example, in the QR code of the URL of out website.
QR codes have gained popularly during the last decade due to the rise of smartphones. There are certain QR Code scanner apps that can be downloaded for free on smartphones. So the moment you see a QR code, just scan it using the app on your phone (the app generally uses the primary camera of the phone to scan the code) and the pre determined action (like opening a website, sending a tweet, download an app etc).
Biometric
Any human characteristic which may be used for biometric authentication and Identification.
The automatic identification or identity verification of living, human individuals based on physiological characteristics.
• Biometries can be used for both authentication and identification.
• Both uses present unique challenges.
• Different advantage arise from each use as well.
Biometric includes (Type of biometrics)
1. Physiological characteristics
i. - Finger Print ii. - Palm Print
iii. - Face
iv. - Iris
v. - Voice.
2. Behavioral characteristics
- Signature
- Gestures / Keystroke
- Typing
What is Biometrics
• The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks Biometry = Bio (life) + metry (to measure).
• Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data.
• Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints eye retinas and irises, vioce patterns, facial patterns and hand measurments for authentication purposes.
• Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristics.
Why Biometric ?
• Identity theft is not possible.
• Password remembrance problem does not exist.
• Cannot be predicted or hacked.
• Cannot be shared.
• Perceived as more secure.
Face - 1960
Signature-1965
Fingerprint - 1969
Face -1970
Hand Geometry - 1974
Voice - 1976
Signature - 1977
Hand Geometry-1985
Finger Print - 1986
Iris - 1986
Face - 1988
Face - 1991
Iris - 1994
DNA - 1996
Fingerprint - 1999
Advantages of biometrics
i. Uniqueness
ii. Time security,
iii. Reduce fraud
iv. No Forgotten password
v. Accuracy
vi. Accountability
Disadvantages of Biometrics
• Costly
• Facial imaging can also hinder accurate identification.
• Missing body part problem
• False acceptances and rejections.
• The scanning of eye is fearfull.
• The nervousness that people feel about the scanners identification.
Smart card
• The smart card is all about changing a tiny rectangular piece of card in to "Smart"
• These cards are so convenient to be f itted in our wallets or back packets.
• These cards are used by banks, shops, educational institutions, offices etc. to carry out different transaction purposes.
• Smart card have enabled the security and convenience of any transactions.
• The technology used behind help users to store unique personal details.
Why are there card's "Smart" ?
• These cards bear a substantial amount of private details of the cardholder.
• It contains an integrated circuit chip embedded in it.
• The users can make use of technology to carry out payments, financial transactions settling bills etc. with out cash in hand.
How Smart cards are made
Construction of smart cards include four major steps.
i. Designing
• This is the facemost stop that requires a programmer or a desiger to set the.
✓ Clock speed
✓ The memory size of the chip.
✓ Volatile memory types.
✓ Operating system, etc.
•The programmer should create an application software for the card based on the card type and also add the required feature.
2. Fabrication of the chip
• During this second stage, the silicon chip its being fixed into it.
• This silicon chip is connected to wires by bounding or soldering them together.
• Then, the chip on board substrate (underlying layer) is being sealed with epoxy resin (Substance of plymer) and glued to the substrate of the card.
• The substrate is often made of any synthetic plastic or using PVC.
3. Coding
• By using the special commands, codes are being entered into the chip memory.
• This is an integral and vital part of card making.
4. Loading data
• Personal details of the users are being entered in this final stage.
How the Smart card works
• A smart card does not work alone.
• It needs a smart card reader to function.
• The card contains an embedded memory chip contained in a contact pad.
• In the card reader, the contact pad comes in contact with the reader and carries out the processing.
• Thus it helps you in transactions via POS (Point of Sale) or another medium to carry out transactions.
Types of Smart Cards
Based on the working mechanism of the cards, they are being classified in to three.
• Contact Smart cards.
• Contactless smart card.
• Hybrid cards.
i. Contact Smart Cards
• This is the most common smart cards in use.
• ATM cards, most credit cards, SIM cards etc. fall into this category.
• Here the cards are being inserted into card readers.
• It reads the information stored on the contact pad and carry out transactions as required.
2. Contactless Smart Cards
• These cards do not require a reader.
• It works using near field communication technology or using radio frequencies.
• Which establishes wireless communication between the smart card and wherever you intend to use FOR E. G. taiwan's Easy Card.
3. Hybrid Cards
• Hybrid cards are cards with dual capacity,
• These cards can work both on contact and contactless card readers.
• These cards are quite rare in use.
Classification Based on Configuration
Smart cards are classification into two, based on their configuration.
i. Memory card
ii. Microprocessors.
No comments:
Post a Comment