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Abstracting - Types and Guidelines
Learning objectives
Abstract
Types of Abstract
         Titular Abstract  
         Annotation  
         Indicative or Descriptive Abstract 
         Informative, informational on comprehensive Abstract
         Structured Abstract  
         Slanted Abstract 
         Author Abstract 
         Subject - specialist - Prepared Abstract
Purposes of Abstracting
Abshracking Sources
Abstracting Guide link
                                                                                                                                                                       

               Abstracting - Types and Guidelines          



  Learning objectives                                                                             


 • Be introduced to the basic concept and multiple types of Abstracts. 

 • Be able to make distinctions beforeen different types of abstracts. 

 • Understand purposes of abstracting. 

 • Identification of some important abstracting sources. 


 Abstract                                                                                                


 The American National Standard Institute (1979) defines an abstract as an abbreviated, accurate representation of a document which should be published with it. 

 In short Pon abstract is a -  

• a short, concise and accurate representation of the  intellectual content. 

• presenting its objectives, scopes and major findings. 

• The abstract as a concise statement of the central message of a document, has become an increasingly important tool for distinguishing truly relevant information from the bulk of information  available (pinto and calvez 1999) 

 • An abstract should be a concise, accurate, comprehensive presentation of its original. 

 • An abstract will provide an indication to the reader of the core themes discussed in the full text and to help searchers quickly decide if an article will be useful .


  Types of Abstracts                                                                               


 i. Titular Abstract  

ii. Annotation  

iii. Indicative or Descriptive Abstract 

iv. Informative, informational on comprehensive Abstract. 

 v. Structured Abstract  

vi. Slanted Abstract 

vii. Author Abstract 

 viii. Subject - specialist - Prepared Abstract. 


 i. Titular Abstract                                                                                                                


 • It is also known as title-only abstract. 

 • Applicable in case of many articles where titles are self explanatory. 

 • Usually state subject and not findings. 

 Example  Tamson, Rita, "Bibliography on medicinal plants and related subjects." Bibliography on medicinal plants and related subjects. 171 (1974). 


 ii. Annotation                                                                                                                       


 • A clause or a sentence is added to amplify the title of an article. 

 • Annotated and indicative abstracts differ only in length. 

 Example Bethel university. (2013). creating APA style annotated bibliographies. 6th edition. Retrieved from sixth. pdf. 

 This is an excellent resource for creating annotated bibliographies in APA format, 6th edition and offers guidelines for writing annotations and a sample annotated bibliography.  


  iii. Indicative or Descriptive Abstract                                                                                


 • Short abstract which describe the broad concepts covered in an entity in general  terms are called indicative abstract.

 • generally longer than an annotation. 

 • Indicative abstracts only indicate what is covered in the entity - what is done, what is discussed, what is analysed, what is compared, and so on. 

 • Indicative abstract are presented in a single paragraph only. 

 • Useful for state-of-art report reviews literary criticism, descriptive works etc. 



 iv. Informative, Informational or Comprehensive Abstract                                              


 • Acts as a substitute for the document. 

 • It is a miniature version of document including the purpose, numerical data, methodologies, formula conclusions and recommendations. 

 • It is used most often for experimental work and for specific research report (Pao, 1989). 

 • bigger than an indicative abstract.  



  v. Structured Abstract                                                                                                         


 • Structured abstracts have the same, requirements as informative abstracts, but the content is writen in separate paragraphs and under different headings. 

 • They also guide authors in summarizing  the content of their manuscripts precisely facilitate the peer-review process for manuscripts  submitted for publication, and enhance computerised literature searching 



 vi. Slanted Abstract                                                                                                             


• Information or description reported in a document is oriented to a specific discipline. 

 • An abstract written to represent a specific portion of a document, or a particular perspective on its content, usually for the benefit of a specialized audience. 

 • For example, an abstract of a research paper on the Global economic impact of covid -19, written for the benefit of industrial economy. 



 vii. Author Abstract                                                                                                             


 • An author abstract in prepared by the author herself / himself. 

 • Journals like annals of library and information studies, IASLIC Bulletin, etc. are providing author abstracts with all original articles. 



 viii. Subject - Specialist - Prepared Abstract                                                                      


 • These abstracts are prepared by subject experts. 

 • Abstracting services have a panel of abstractors who specialize in various subjects. 

 • According to their specialization they are assigned articles for abstracting. 



 Purposes of Abstracting                                                                       


 The purposes of an abstract is to provide  prospective readers the opportunity to f ind the relevance of the longer work to their projects. 

 • It also include the key terms found in the work including  purpose and methods of the research. 

 • Find out that if a piece of writing interests the researchers on relates to a topic they are working on. 

 • Index articles for quick recovery and crose referencing. 




  Abshracking Sources                                                                          


 • Biological Abstracts : It provides the latest information in life science discipline, and contains more than 13.2 million archival records most of the records include informative  abstracts written by the author. 

 • This database is produced by Thomson  scientific, Inc, Now Biological abstracts is accessible through Thomson Reuters web of knowledge platform. 

 • Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) : A division of the American Chemical Society, is the world's authority for chemical information. 

 • CAS delivers the most current, complete secure and interlinked digital information environment for scientific discovery. 



 • Library and information Science Abstract :  It is an international abstracting and indexing tool designed for library professionals. 

 • The online version of LISA is hosted by proQuest. 



 Abstracting Guide link                                                                         

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