My ContentDatabaseIntroductionDefinitions Characteristic of DatabaseTypes of online Databases On the Basis of Information Incorporated Full-text online Databases Reference Databases Bibliographic Databases Referral databases Numeric Databases Multimedia Databases On the Basis of Scope of Data General Interest Database Discipline Specific Databases Subject Specific Databases On the Basis of contents Article Database Theses / Dissertation Database Citation Database Audio / Video Databases Online Catalogue Databases Dictionary Databases Directory Databases Indexing and Abstracking Databases On the Basis of Providers Publisher / commercial Databases Institutional Databases Aggregator Databases
Database
Introduction
A database is an organized set of data stored in a computer that can be search automatically.
A database is a self describing collection of integrated records. It is self describing because it contains as part of itself a directory or dictionary of its context.
It is a collection of records or a file or a collection of files brought together as a single file commonly accessible by a given set of programme.
According to John Convey, databases are a collection of records in machine readable form that are made available for searching from remote computer terminals.
A database is an organized, integrated and often inter- related collection of computer based data, records files or information.
A random assortment of data cannot be referred to a database. Databases may be stored magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM, DVD ROM, and Hard Disk etc. can be accessed either locally remotely.
Definitions
ODLIS (2012) defines database as, "A large regularly updated file of digitized information (bibliographic records, abstracts, full-text documents directory entries images, statistics etc.) related to a specific subject on f ield, consisting of records of uniform format organized for ease and speed of search and retrieval and managed with the aid of database and with the aid of database mangement system (DBMS) software. Content is created by the database producer (for example, the american psychological association), which usually publishes a print version (psychological abstracts) and lease the content to one or more database vendors (EBSCO, OCLC etc.) that provide electronic access to the date after it has been converted to machine-readable form (PsycINFO), usually on CD-ROM or online via the internet, using proprietary search software.
According to the Macmillan Dictionary of information Technology (2014) "Database is a collection of interrelated stored data so that it may be accessed by users with simple user friendly dialogues".
The chambers science and technology dictionary (1999) defines database as "A Collection of structured data independent of any particular application".
The law dictionary (2012), define online databases as "A web-based filing system used to store information or records, accessible by using web scripts use often requires a paid subscription.
According to the University Santo Tomas (2008), "Online database are collections of computerized information or data such as articles, books, graphics and multimedia that can be searched to find information. Databases can be general or subject based in form of abstracts and our full text.
Characteristic of Database
a. It is an organized, integrated collection of data.
b It can be referred to by all relevant application with relative case and number. So duplication of data can be avoided.
c. It is a model of natural relationship of the data in the read-world environment.
d. Databases provide facilities for centralized control of accessing and security control functions.
e. Databases provide facilities for centralized control of accessing and security control functions.
Other
i.organized collection.
ii credibility Pricinger ) Up-to-Date
iii. Usability
iv. Conversational
v. Expert System
vi. Controlled vocabulary
vii. Permanence
viii. Up-to-date
ix. Real Time
x. Time Sharing
Types of online Databases
Online databases are divided into the two main categories : Reference and Sources databases, on the basis of information in corporated in them. According to Choudhary (2010), online databases are categorized under the two major divisions include, reference database and source databases. Reference database direct seekers towards the source of information, while source database include actual information itself, on basis of contant, scope and the information incorporated, online databases are grouped under the following categories :
• On the Bases of Information Incorporated
• On the Basis of Scope of Data
• On the Basis of Contents
• On the Basis of Providers
i. On the Basis of Information Incorporated
Based on the information included in online databases, this category comprises the most common forms of online database which are grouped into following four types :
a. Full-text online Databases
A full-text database is a compilation of documents or other information in the form of database in which complete text of each referenced document is available for online viewing, printing or downloading. In addition to. text documents, images are often included as graphs, maps, photos and diagrams. Full text online databases are comprising full text information of the publications that are basically either print or online in origen. It includes large files of text such as, all the paragraphs of a journal article or all the chapters from, a book along with abstract or citations of the text files incorporated in them. According to Bandyopadhyay (1999), Full text online databases are now being using as effective and important sources of periodical literature that are not usually available in local collection of libraries. Examples: ISTOR, Emeraldinsight and wiley online library etc.
b. Reference Databases
The References databases include terms descriptive of content on which retrieval is based and some databases also provide abstract to give brief description of original documents and in these databases the retrieval of information is mostly based on the words appeared in abstract. The retrieved data helps requester to identify where an original sources can then be found. (information storage and Retrieval 1829). The reference databases provide bibliographic description to published literature. It provides, documents. There databases are abstract references or citations to documents. The databases are divided into tow main categories.
i. Bibliographic Databases
Bibliographic database is one of the most important forms of reference databases. These databases are widely used as reference tools and provide citations or references, abstracts and index to published literature online bibliographic databases provide quick information about publications, which may or may not be available in library's own collection. These are the excellent means to access information, rather than merely an item of information in the collection of any library. Bibliographic databases contain elements of bibliographic description that used to describe books, journals, documents, and other publications or portions. Rice (1985) stated that these databases are typically online bibliographic files, are the online equivalent of print abstracts and indexing services and mostly used for bibliographic verification of literature. Examples: LISA, Indian citation Index, Scopus and web of science etc.
ii. Referral databases
Referral database direct users towards the particulars of actual source of information i.e. names of a person or institution. It offers references to information such as name, address, specialization of persons, institutions, information system, and so forth.
Examples: Ulrich's periodicals Directory and Electronic yellow pages.
c. Numeric Databases
A numeric database is a computer-readable collection of data that are primarily numberic in nature. These are also known as the fact sources and non bibliographic databases and are mostly used for supporting business or financial research. These databases include arranged numerical data along with brief textual description and provide it access in the form of statistics, demographic and financial reports, stock market quotations chemical and physical properties, and chemical nomenclature and graphic structure, etc. These are the files of primarily statistical information from which a user can extract specific forms of data.
Examples COMPUSTAT and ProQuest Statistical Insight.
d. Multimedia Databases
A multimedia database is a collection of related multimedia data objects of different types. A multimedia database contains various data types such as images, sound recording, video recordings, signals, graphics togather with text data etc. Multimedia databases host different types of media file, such as text for documents, jpg used for images, swf deals with videos; mp3 use for generating audio files etc. These database involve the activities related to acquisition, generation, storation, processing and and transmission of multimedia data over networks. The databases primarily provide access to art prints, animations photos, audio clips, videos and others multimedia contents.
Examples: Artstor and Academic video online.
2. On the Basis of Scope of Data
Online database can be classified by the scope of information contained in them.
a. General interest Database
Such types of databases provide abroad range of information on different subject and disciplines. General interest databases comprise of information that is more general in nature, like current news and opinion, social and political affairs, cultural, educational, health and on public issues.
Example - Academic search complete (EBSCO) and Encyclopaedia Britannica.
b. Discipline Specific Databases
Discipline based databases are some what more specific than general interest databases. These provide information on several related areas. If information is not found in general interest databases then it is better to search in such types of databases.
Examples - SocINDEX and PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service)
c. Subject Specific Databases
These database are well suited for in depth research and study on a particular topic. These databases provide information from professional publication and scholarly journals. The subject specific databases are devoted to only one subject. Searches in subject specific databases are more comprehensive in nature to provide access to more scholarly articles.
Example: Historical abstracts and PsycINFO.
3. On the Basis of contents
Online database can be organized according to the type of documents they possessed.
a. Article Database
An article database allows a person to search, across thousands of various journals and magazines to locate an article on any specified subject. Articles databases mostly provide full text of articles but some time they also provide abstracts of articles. Some online databases only present citations instead of full text article or an abstract that helps to locate the original article.
Example - Google Scholary and Annual Reviews.
b. Theses / Dissertation Database
Theses/ Dissertation databases are developed to maximize the visibility and availability of research output and to provide opportunities for further research. Such databases enable searching for dissertation and theses through a single access paint, which presents an extensive and authentic collection of millions of research works in full text. These databases are the record of doctoral theses or dissertations awarded by Higher Education institutions,
Example - ProQuest Dissertation and theses and Ethos - Electronic Theses online service.
c. Citation Database
Citation database are index of citation of published literature. It enables to locate bibliographic citations for journal articles and track articles in a specific subject. It allows users to track which current documents cite which previous documents. Many citation databases include index of journal articles along with its abstracts. By searching with keywords that might appear in an article, users can retrieve citation of an article.
Example Scopus and web of Science.
d. Audio / Video Databases
An audio video database is a collection of audio video materials such as digital audio and video data and audio video activities.
Example - Audiovisual Database of Spoken American English and Academic video online.
e. Online Catalogue Databases
An online catalogue database is a bibliographic database that describes the books, periodicals, and electronic resources, etc. that are available in the library. Online catalogues are those online database that enable searchers to search for documents by author, title, subject heading, keyword, call number, or government documents number available in a particular library.
Examples - Ind CAT and Worldcat.
f. Dictionary Databases
In dictionary databases, likewise of directory catalogue each record identifies something. The purpose of dictionary databases is to provide a measure of control in the use of bibliographic databases.
Examples Oxford English Dictionary and Chemical Substance Dictionary.
g. Directory Databases
Directory databases offer the information of published directories or serve a purpose similar to that of published directories without having published equivalents. These are not full text databases although they may represent the complete text of a publication in machine readable form; nor are they numeric in nature.
Examples - Electronic Yellow Pages and Encyclopedia of Associations.
h. Indexing and Abstracking Databases
These databas provide brief summary of publications along with descriptors as access points to documents. Such databases provide clues to the relevance and location of the publication.
Example - SocINDEX and Educational. Research Abstracts Online (ERA)
4. On the Basis of Providers
Based on their providers online databases can be classified into the following categories.
a. Publisher / commercial Databases
Publisher databases are produced by online commercial service provider that sell their data to the clients and deliver information through the telecommunication networks. These databases are commercial electronic information services that people access through the web or internet. Anyone can download or electronically copy of the information contents from the internet, anywhere in the would through databases home page. To access such types of databases, searchers need to have an authorization number and password provided by the publishers.
Example: Oxford University Press and Taylor and Francis
b. Institutional Databases
These types of online databases are developed by the professional associations or institution to increase the knowledge of their concerned areas among the people. These associations mainly work for promoting research and developments in their working areas in the broadest manner. They develop different types of information sources to increase dissemination of knowledge related to their concerned areas, including books, journals, reports and databases etc. The online databases produced by them are mainly subject specific in nature.
Example - PsycInfo (American Psychological Association) and Econlit (American Economic Association)
c. Aggregator Databases
Aggregator databases are defined as the service providers that make available contents, licensed by several publishers and is offered in packages at a single price to libraries. These offer extensive depth and breadth of contents of information along with effective features and functionalities.
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