Research Design                             

A Research design is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation.

The plan is the complete scheme or programme of the research.

The research design is a procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to ansaver questions validity, objectively, accurately and economically.

Form writing

the hypothesis

                                                   Their operational

                                                      implications

                                                                                                          To the final

                                                                                                       analysis of data

Research Design Included                                                                   

What study design do you propose to use.

How you are going to collect information from your respondent.

How you are going to select your respondents.

How the information you are going to collect is to be analysed.

How you are going to communicate your findings.

The rationale and justification for each decision that shapes your answers to the 'how' of the research journey.

Basically, Answers of -

                  What

                  When

                  How

                 Where

               By what means

To create a blueprint for any research methodology we need a research design.

Till now topic, research problem, its objectives, variables have been decided and hypothesis is formulated after a detailed review of literature. Now, the need is to finalize other details such as what kind of data is required, what will be its time period, how will data be collected, what will be the sample size, how will data be analysed, and so on. All these are related to research design.

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.

                                                                                                                           -Selltiz, Deutsch and cook.

A research design is a conceptual structure within which a research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.

It includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis to the final analysis of data.

Research Design actually does not tell as precisely regarding what to do but it suggests us how to do and what should be the flow of activities.

Though it is a framework or set of action plan, it canno be rigid. It is always open for necessary amendments during the course of action.

 Features of a good Research Design                                                  

The nature of the problem to be studied.

The objectives of the problem to be studied.

The availability of time and money for the research work.

The means of obtaining information.

The availability and skills of the researcher and his staff.

* Flexible

* Appropriate

* Efficient

* Economical

* Minimum biasness

* Reliability

* The design which gives the smallest experimental eror.

* Yields maximum information and provides max opportunities to explore variety of situations.

 Function of a Research Design                                                          

1. To detail the procedures for undertaking a study.

2. To ensure the quality of these procedures.

Details like

Name the study design - that is, 'cross-sectional', 'before and after', 'comparative', 'control experiment' or 'random control'.

Provide detailed information about the following aspects of the study.

Who will constitute the study population?

How will the study population be identified?

Will a sample or the whole population be selected?

If a sample is selected, how will it be contracted?

How will consent be sought?

What method of data collection will be used and why?

In the case of a questionnaire, where will the responses be returned?

How should respondents contract you if they have queries?

In the case of an interview, where will they be conducted?

How will ethical issues be taken care of?

What is the study about?

Why is the study being made?

Where will the study be carried out?

What type of data is required?

Where can the required data are found?

What periods of time will the study include?

What will be the sample design?

What techniques of data collection will be used?

How will the data be analyzed?

In what style will the report be prepared?

Ensuring that the procedures undertaken are adequate.

To ensure this, it is important that you select a study design that helps your to isolate, eliminate or quantify the effects of different sets of variable influencing the independent variable.

Ensuring that these procedures are adequate to obtain valid, objective and accurate answers to the research questions. Kerlinger calls this function the 'control of variance'.

Quality - 

                       Validity

                      Accuracy

                      objectivity

Need for Research Design                                                                    

Blank

 Parts of Research Design (SOSO)                                                      

Sampling Design

Which deals with the methods of selecting items to be observed for the study.

observational Design

Which relates to the condition under which the observation are to be create.

Statistical Operational

Which concern the question of the of how the information and data gathered are to be analyzed.

Operational Design

Which deals with techniques by which the procedures satisfied in sampling.

1. Sampling Design

The process of obtaining information from a subset (sample) of a larger group (population).

The result for the sample are then used to make estimates of the larger groups.

Sampling design must result in representative sample. It must be such which results in a small sampling error.

It must be systematic and variable in the context of funds to study. The result of sample study can be applied in generaal with a reasonable content.

Basically there are two types of sampling design :

a. Probability Design

Under probability sampling design, every item of the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. It is also acknowledge as rondom or non-purpose sampling.

b. Non-Probability Sampling

Non-Probability design is that sampling procedure that does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has the chance of being included in the sample. Here, the researcher selects items for the sample.

2. Observational Design

Observational research is a co-relational research in which a researcher observes ongoing behavior in the field of data collecting. This is done in field research and interviews.

3. Statistical Design

The use of different types of data in an efficient procedure to get to a valid and objective conclusions. The use of rally, table, charts and calculations of average etc. There are three types of ad average design :

a. Data Analysis

b. Data collection

c. Test of importance

4. Operational Design

Operational design is the process of carrying the actual work in the research field.

The management of all in the sectors such as financial management, infrastructure management are carried by the operational design.

Types of Research Design

Narrative - 

Ethnographic - 

Ethnography - 

Notes : 

Question : 

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